9.7 Going Deeper
Alexandra Olsen and Monica Olvera
Now that you have read about the kinds of safety and stability that families need, this page has some resources for you.
First, there are some resources that the authors used but could not fit into the chapter. If there was something that really piqued your interest and made you want to learn more, it may be listed in this table. This is also a resource for students who may have an assignment to research a particular topic or who need to identify a topic for a final project. Participate in one or both activities to go deeper.
Next, you will see a set of reflective questions. You may be assigned these questions as a chapter review, or perhaps you will be using them as discussion questions in class. These questions are designed to help you apply the chapter concepts, develop your sociological imagination, reflect, and use an equity lens. Look over the “Reflective Questions” if you’d like to explore your own thinking more thoroughly.
After that, you will see the same list of key terms that appeared at the start of the chapter. They may help you with your additional exploration or research.
Finally, some chapters include activities that the instructor may use in the classroom.
Want to Learn More?
- You can learn more about ACES and figure out your ACES and your Resilience scores here.
- Here is a website developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that provides coping strategies someone may use when they are experiencing stress.
- To understand more about psychological and verbal abuse, watch this three-and-a-half-minute TEDx Talks video.
- The Pennsylvania Carey Law School presents a 19-minute video about the intersectional challenges that immigrant women face while trying to become independent, and the ways that domestic violence impacts their progress.
- The PBS 26-minute video Battling Elder Abuse will help you learn more about how to recognize and combat elder abuse.
Reflective Questions
- What do you think is the most important lesson for parents and other caregivers to know about ACEs and protective childhood experiences? How do you think that knowledge of these two concepts could positively impact the behavior of individuals, the work of community organizations, or the development of public policy?
- How do healthy interpersonal relationships impact our lives? What role do your loved ones play in creating a sense of stability and safety in your life?
- Why do some families have more access to the resources they need to be safe? What kinds of changes do you think should be made to increase access to safety and stability for all families?
- How can we better address sexual violence and rape culture as a society?
- Can you think of any social supports (government assistance, community resources, relationships) that did or would have positively impacted the life of your family as you grew up? Are there any current social supports that you’re not currently receiving that could make a difference in your life? Why?
- Out of all of the factors that can help promote and create safety and stability within families, which of the factors do you think is most important? Why?
Key Terms
- Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): traumas that occur in an individual’s life before they turn 18, which include neglect, abuse, and household difficulties.
- Child abuse: the intentional emotional, negligent, physical, or sexual mistreatment of a child by an adult.
- Elder abuse: when older people are deprived of care or intentionally harmed by their caretakers.
- Emotional abuse: nonphysical maltreatment through verbal language.
- Epigenetics: the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.
- Intergenerational trauma: a phenomenon in which the descendants of a person who has experienced a terrifying event show adverse emotional and behavioral reactions to the event that are similar to those of the person who experienced the event.
- Intimate partner violence (IPV): any incident or pattern of behaviors (physical, psychological, sexual, or verbal) used by one partner to maintain power and control over the relationship.
- Neglect: failure to meet a child’s basic needs.
- Physical abuse: any act, completed or attempted, that physically hurts or injures someone.
- Protective and compensatory childhood experiences (PACEs): experiences that help children develop and promote resilience, even if they also have some adverse or traumatic childhood experiences.
- Rape culture: a society or environment where there is a culture of disbelief and lack of support for sexual violence survivors through normalizing and trivializing sexual violence despite its prevalent occurrence.
- Restorative justice: an intentional way of handling an offense involving three stakeholders within an organization or community: the person(s) who has offended, the person(s) who were harmed, and communities of care and reconciliation.
- Restorative practices: a social science that studies how to build, strengthen, and repair relationships among individuals, as well as connections within communities.
- Sexual abuse: maltreatment, violation, and exploitation where a perpetrator forces, coerces, or threatens someone into sexual contact for sexual gratification and/or financial benefit.
- Sexual violence: making degrading comments, touching in unpleasant means of harm, or addressing a partner in a degrading way during sexual intercourse, which includes marital rape.
Activity: Childhood Trauma over the Lifetime
It’s important to understand the long-term effects of trauma as well as the ways that communities can address safety and trauma. If you’d like to learn about these topics, participate in this activity.
Watch this video featuring the former Surgeon General of California and pediatrician Dr. Nadine Burke Harris, who explains how ACEs can impact health in the long term but also ways that communities can address these issues before they get to that level (figure 9.9).
Discussion Questions
- How do ACEs impact children’s health outcomes?
- What is the benefit of screening children for ACEs?
- What can local and state public health agencies do to reduce the health impact that ACEs have on children?
Licenses and Attributions for Going Deeper
Open Content, Original
“Going Deeper” by Alexandra Olsen and Monica Olvera. License: CC BY 4.0.
All Rights Reserved
Figure 9.9. “How Childhood Trauma Affects Health across a Lifetime” by TED. License: Standard YouTube License.
a systematic investigation into a particular topic, examining materials, sources, and/or behaviors.
ensuring that people have what they need in order to have a healthy, successful life that is equal to others. Different from equality in that some may receive more help than others in order to be at the same level of success.
the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
when older people are deprived of care or intentionally harmed by their caretakers.
making degrading comments, touching in unpleasant means of harm, or addressing a partner in a degrading way during sexual intercourse, which includes marital rape.
the shared meanings and shared experiences passed down over time by individuals in a group, such as beliefs, values, symbols, means of communication, religion, logics, rituals, fashions, etiquette, foods, and art that unite a particular society.