Contents of This Chapter:

• Chapter Reading Guide
  • Chapter Learning Objectives
  • Key Terms
  • Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Reading Guide
• Nurturance: Caring for Others
  • Licenses and Attributions for Nurturance: Caring for Others
    • Open Content, Original
    • Open Content, Shared Previously
  • References
• Family and Parenting Theories and Perspectives
  • The Ecological Systems Theory
  • Attachment Theory
  • Nature and Nurture
  • Baumrind’s Four Styles of Parenting
  • Concerted Cultivation and Natural Growth
  • Licenses and Attributions for Family and Parenting Theories and Perspectives
    • Open Content, Shared Previously
    • All Rights Reserved
  • References
• Changing Demographics
  • Declining Birth, Fertility, and Fecundity Rates
  • Single Parenting, Co-Parenting, and Stepparenting
  • Multigenerational Families and Changing Life Expectancy
  • Licenses and Attributions for Changing Demographics
    • Open Content, Original
    • Open Content, Shared Previously
  • References
• Public Policy and Parenting
  • UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
  • Disrupted Attachment at the United States–Mexico Border
  • Disrupted Attachment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
  • Immigrant and Refugee Families
  • Justice-Involved Families
  • Licenses and Attributions for Public Policy and Parenting
    • Open Content, Original
    • Open Content, Shared Previously
    • All Rights Reserved
  • References
• Family Forms and Functions
  • Families without Children
    • Childless or Childfree?
  • Same-Sex Parenting
  • In Focus: Science Twins
  • Foster and Adoptive Families
  • Families with Disabled Members
  • In Focus: Dreaming of Juniper
  • Poverty
  • COVID-19 Pandemic
  • Licenses and Attributions for Family Forms and Functions
    • Open Content, Original
    • Open Content, Shared Previously
  • References
• Looking Ahead: The National Child Traumatic Stress Network
  • Licenses and Attributions for Looking Ahead: The Child Traumatic Stress Network
    • Open Content, Original
• Going Deeper
  • Want to Learn More?
  • Reflective Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Activity: Esther’s Story
    • Discussion Questions
  • Licenses and Attributions for Going Deeper
    • Open Content, Original
    • Open Content, Shared Previously
  • References

How to Navigate this Book Online

Table of Contents

Every page of this book has a button labeled CONTENTS. In most browsers, this button will be in the upper left corner. You can click anywhere on that button to show the book’s table of contents. Clicking the button again hides the table of contents.

In the table of contents, you can click on a title of a chapter to navigate to the beginning of that chapter.

You can also click on the “+” in the table of contents to see the chapter’s sections and navigate directly to that place in the book.

Turning a Page

If you’re reading on a larger screen, look at the bottom of the page. There is a button in the lower right corner labeled “Next →” that you can click to move forward, and another button in the lower left corner labeled “← Previous” that you can click to move backward.

Reading on Smaller Screens

On smaller screens, like phones and tablets, the CONTENTS are at the top of the page. Look for the Previous and Next buttons at either the top or bottom of the page.