Artificial Intelligence Disclosure

Artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Gemini (Google), were used during the development of this textbook as editorial assistants. These tools helped improve the clarity, readability, and conciseness of draft text and assisted in identifying potential scholarly literature for further review. Consistent with the principles of responsible AI use, all content, source selection, fact-checking, interpretation, and final editorial decisions were reviewed and approved by the authors.

As educators, we believe artificial intelligence should enhance—not replace—critical thinking, scholarly inquiry, and human judgment. We hope this textbook models a thoughtful and ethical approach to using emerging technologies in education.