8.9 References

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Annie E. Casey Foundation [AECF]. (n.d.). Reducing youth incarceration. https://www.aecf.org/work/juvenile-justice/reducing-youth-incarceration

Baglivio, M. T., Epps, N., Swartz, K., Huq, M. S., Sheer, A., and Hardt, N. S. (2014). The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 3(2), 1–23. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/Prevalence_of_ACE.pdf

Ball, A., Zhang, D., and Molloy, M. C. (February 10, 2022). ‘She looks like a baby’: Why do kids as Young as 5 or 6 still get arrested at school. The Center for Public Integrity. https://publicintegrity.org/education/criminalizing-kids/young-kids-arrested-at-schools/

Bell, J. (2015). Repairing the breach: A brief history of youth of color in the justice system. W. Haywood Burns Institute for Youth Justice Fairness & Equity. https://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/Burns-Institute_Repairing-the-Breach-Hist-of-Youth-of-Color-in-JJ_Sept-2015.pdf

Bernstein, N. (2014). Burning down the house: The end of juvenile prison. The New Press.

Bowes, P. (2022). Spotlight on explicit lyrics warning. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2010641.stm

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2023). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/index.html

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Death Penalty Information Center. (n.d.). Executions of juveniles in the U.S., 1976–2005. https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/juveniles/executions-of-juveniles-since-1976

Fisher, B. W., Higgins, E. M., Kupchik, A., Viano, S., Curran, F. C., Overstreet, S., … and Coffey, B. (2022). Protecting the flock or policing the sheep? Differences in school resource officers’ perceptions of threats by school racial composition. Social Problems, 69(2), 316–334.

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National Juvenile Justice Network [NJJN]. (n.d.) Keep youth at home. https://www.njjn.org/about-us/create-a-range-of-community-based-programs

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Officer, K., McAlister, S., and Tallan, K. (2021). Updated Measure 11 indictments, convictions, And sentencing trends: 2013–2018. Oregon Criminal Justice Commission. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B-0tQuJi_QruC87y7zBvy141dCZ7itoy/view

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SAMHSA. (2014). SAMHSA’s national center for trauma-informed care. https://www.traumainformedcare.chcs.org/resource/samhsas-national-center-for-trauma-informed-care/

The IRIS Center (2016). Youth with disabilities in juvenile corrections (Part 1): Improving instruction. (Content expert: Taryn VanderPyl). Available at https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/jj1/

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VanderPyl, T., and Yoho, L. M. (2019). Band-Aids for barriers: Key transition policy factors as experienced by incarcerated youth. Journal of Forensic Vocational Analysis, Special Issue: Transition, 19(1), 11–23.

Wilson, J. P., Hugenberg, K., and Rule, N. O. (2017). Racial bias in judgments of physical size and formidability: From size to threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(1), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000092

Wiltz, A. (March 22, 2021). A 6-year-old Black boy arrested for picking a tulip proves we need criminal justice reform now. Momentum. https://momentum.medium.com/a-6-year-old-black-boy-arrested-for-picking-a-tulip-proves-we-need-criminal-justice-reform-5f2d29818769