Conducting Zone:

nasal cavity

nasal conchae

pharynx

epiglottis

glottis

larynx

true vocal cords trachea

bronchus (left, right)

bronchial tree

bronchiole

lung

 

Respiratory Zone

respiratory bronchioles

alveolus

 

Mechanics of Ventilation

Inspiration (inhalation)

Expiration (exhalation)

pleural cavity

quiet breathing (passive inspiration and expiration):

diaphragm

external intercostals

Internal intercostals forced breathing (active inspiration and expiration):

sternocleidomastoid scalene muscles

abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis)

 

Gas Exchange

respiratory membrane

 

Gas Transport in Blood

Hemoglobin

Oxyhemoglobin

deoxyhemoglobin

carbaminohemoglobin

Carbonic anhydrase (carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, hydrogen ion)

Optional:

oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

bohr effect

 

Control of Ventilation

respiratory cycle

respiratory rate

respiratory volume

tidal volume (TV)

central chemoreceptor

dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

apneustic center

pneumotaxic center

 

Pathophysiology (Breakdowns in Homeostasis)

asthma

bronchoconstriction

bronchodilation

chronic obstructive respiratory disease

emphysema

hyperventilation

bronchitis