Unit Wordlist and Learning Resources
Hugh Jarrard
Unit Wordlist: The Reproductive System
The following Terms and Concepts are important in the study of the Reproductive System:
| Male Reproductive System:
Male Reproductive Hormones: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Female Reproductive System:
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Female Reproductive Hormones and Cycles:
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormonel (LH)
Birth Control Methods: coitus interruptus rhythm method condoms spermicidal creams, foams, and jellies combined hormone contraceptives medroxyprogesterone intrauterine devices (IUDs) vasectomies tubal ligations
sexually Transmitted Infections
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(singular = testis) male gonads
tube structures within the testes where spermatogenesis occurs
formation of new sperm, occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
(singular = spermatogonium) diploid precursor cells that become sperm
(also, spermatozoon) male gamete
cells that support germ cells through the process of spermatogenesis
cells between the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produce testosterone
(plural = epididymides) coiled tubular structure in which sperm start to mature and are stored until ejaculation
(also, vas deferens) duct that transports sperm from the epididymis through the spermatic cord and into the ejaculatory duct; also referred as the vas deferens
duct that connects the ampulla of the ductus deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle at the prostatic urethra
gland that produces seminal fluid, which contributes to semen
doughnut-shaped gland at the base of the bladder surrounding the urethra and contributing fluid to semen during ejaculation
(also, Cowper’s glands) glands that secrete a lubricating mucus that cleans and lubricates the urethra prior to and during ejaculation
ejaculatory fluid composed of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
external pouch of skin and muscle that houses the testes
male organ of copulation
a physiological response in which the penis becomes enlarged and stiff due to increased blood flow to its spongy tissues.
a physiological peak of sexual arousal resulting in rhythmic, involuntary muscular contractions in the pelvic region (resulting in ejaculation in males)
the physiological process of releasing semen from the male urethra, typically occurring during an orgasm
hormone released by the hypothalamus that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland
anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the production and maturation of sex cells
Spanish: hormona de la hipófisis anterior que estimula la producción y maduración de las células sexuales
Russian: гормон передней доли гипофиза, который стимулирует выработку и созревание половых клеток
Vietnamese: hormone của thùy trước tuyến yên kích thích sản xuất và trưởng thành của tế bào sinh dục
Filipino: hormonang mula sa harapang bahagi ng pituitary na nagpapasigla ng paggawa at pagkahinog ng mga selulang seksuwal
East African French: hormone hypophysaire antérieure qui stimule la production et la maturation des cellules sexuelles
Kiswahili (Swahili): homoni ya tezi ya pituitari ya mbele inayochochea uzalishaji na ukomavu wa seli za uzazi
Chinese: 由垂体前叶分泌，刺激性细胞的产生与成熟
anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and the production of ovarian hormones, and the production of testosterone
a hormone capable of developing and maintaining masculine characteristics in reproductive and other somatic tissues; testosterone is the most common form
steroid hormone secreted by the testes and important in the maturation of sperm cells, growth and development of the reproductive system, and the development of secondary sex characteristics
Spanish: hormona esteroide secretada por los testículos e importante en la maduración de los espermatozoides, el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema reproductor, y el desarrollo de características sexuales secundarias
Russian: стероидный гормон, секретируемый яичками; важен для созревания сперматозоидов, роста и развития репродуктивной системы, а также формирования вторичных половых признаков
Vietnamese: hormone steroid được tinh hoàn tiết ra, quan trọng trong sự trưởng thành của tinh trùng, sự phát triển hệ sinh dục nam và các đặc điểm sinh dục phụ
Filipino: hormonang esteroide na inilalabas ng mga testes at mahalaga sa paghinog ng mga selulang semilya, paglaki at pag-unlad ng sistemang reproduktibo, at paglitaw ng mga sekondaryang katangiang seksuwal
East African French: hormone stéroïdienne sécrétée par les testicules, impliquée dans la maturation des spermatozoïdes, le développement du système reproducteur et des caractères sexuels secondaires
Kiswahili (Swahili): homoni ya steroidi inayotolewa na korodani na ina umuhimu katika ukomavu wa seli za mbegu, ukuaji na maendeleo ya mfumo wa uzazi, na maendeleo ya sifa za pili za kijinsia
Chinese: 由睾丸分泌的类固醇激素，在精子细胞的成熟、生殖系统的发育以及第二性征的形成中起关键作用
life stage during which a male or female adolescent becomes anatomically and physiologically capable of reproduction
female gonads that produce oocytes and sex steroid hormones (notably estrogen and progesterone)
approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the ovary consisting of a follicular phase and a luteal phase
least developed ovarian follicles that consist of a single oocyte and a single layer of flat (squamous) granulosa cells
cell that results from the division of the oogonium and undergoes meiosis I at the LH surge and meiosis II at fertilization to become a haploid ovum
ovarian structure of one oocyte and surrounding granulosa (and later theca) cells
process by which oogonia divide by mitosis to primary oocytes, which undergo meiosis to produce the secondary oocyte and, upon fertilization, the ovum
release of a mature oocyte from an ovary
haploid female gamete
fertilized egg; a diploid cell resulting from the fertilization of haploid gametes from the male and female lines
(also, fallopian tubes or oviducts) ducts that facilitate transport of an ovulated oocyte to the uterus
fingerlike projections on the distal uterine tubes
muscular hollow organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus
inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses
smooth muscle layer of uterus that allows for uterine contractions during labor and expulsion of menstrual blood
outer epithelial layer of uterine wall
phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium proliferates
phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium secretes a nutrient-rich fluid in preparation for implantation of an embry
tunnel-like organ that provides access to the uterus for the insertion of semen and from the uterus for the birth of a baby
external female genitalia
hair-covered folds of skin located exterior to the labia minora
thin, pigmented, hairless flaps of skin located medial and deep to the labia majora
(also, glans clitoris) nerve-rich area of the vulva that contributes to sexual sensation during intercourse; homologous to the male penis in early development
glands inside the breast that secrete milk
ducts that connect the mammary glands to the nipple and allow for the transport of milk
anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and the production of ovarian hormones, and the production of testosterone
Spanish: hormona de la hipófisis anterior que desencadena la ovulación y la producción de hormonas ováricas, así como la producción de testosterona
Russian: гормон передней доли гипофиза, вызывающий овуляцию и продукцию гормонов яичников, а также тестостерона
Vietnamese: hormone của thùy trước tuyến yên kích thích rụng trứng, sản xuất hormone buồng trứng và sản xuất testosterone
Filipino: hormonang mula sa harapang pituitary na nagsasagawa ng ovulasyon at paggawa ng mga hormonang obaryo, pati na rin ang paggawa ng testosterone
East African French: hormone hypophysaire antérieure qui déclenche l’ovulation, la production d’hormones ovariennes et la production de testostérone
Kiswahili (Swahili): homoni ya pituitari ya mbele inayochochea ovulesheni na uzalishaji wa homoni za ovari, pamoja na uzalishaji wa testosterone
Chinese: 由垂体前叶分泌的激素，诱导排卵并促进卵巢激素与睾酮的产生
transformed follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone
class of predominantly female sex hormones important for the development and growth of the female reproductive tract, secondary sex characteristics, the female reproductive cycle, and the maintenance of pregnancy
Spanish: clase de hormonas sexuales predominantemente femeninas importantes para el desarrollo y crecimiento del aparato reproductor femenino, las características sexuales secundarias, el ciclo reproductivo femenino y el mantenimiento del embarazo
Russian: класс преимущественно женских половых гормонов, важных для развития и роста женской репродуктивной системы, вторичных половых признаков, репродуктивного цикла и поддержания беременности
Vietnamese: nhóm hormone sinh dục nữ chủ yếu, quan trọng cho sự phát triển và tăng trưởng của hệ sinh sản nữ, đặc điểm sinh dục phụ, chu kỳ sinh sản nữ và duy trì thai kỳ
Filipino: uri ng mga hormonang seksuwal na pambabae na mahalaga para sa pag-unlad at paglaki ng sistemang reproduktibo ng babae, mga sekondaryang katangiang seksuwal, siklong reproduktibo, at pagpapanatili ng pagbubuntis
East African French: classe d’hormones sexuelles principalement féminines importantes pour le développement et la croissance de l’appareil reproducteur féminin, les caractères sexuels secondaires, le cycle reproductif féminin et le maintien de la grossesse
Kiswahili (Swahili): kundi la homoni za jinsia ya kike zilizo muhimu katika ukuaji na maendeleo ya mfumo wa uzazi wa kike, tabia za pili za kijinsia, mzunguko wa uzazi, na udumishaji wa ujauzito
Chinese: 一类主要存在于女性体内的性激素，调节生殖系统发育、第二性征、月经周期及妊娠维持
predominantly female sex hormone important in regulating the female reproductive cycle and the maintenance of pregnancy
Spanish: hormona sexual predominantemente femenina importante en la regulación del ciclo reproductivo femenino y el mantenimiento del embarazo
Russian: преимущественно женский половой гормон, важный для регуляции женского репродуктивного цикла и поддержания беременности
Vietnamese: hormone sinh dục nữ chủ yếu, quan trọng trong việc điều hòa chu kỳ sinh sản nữ và duy trì thai kỳ
Filipino: pangunahing hormonang pambabae na mahalaga sa pagsasaayos ng siklong reproduktibo at pagpapanatili ng pagbubuntis
East African French: hormone sexuelle féminine dominante qui régule le cycle reproducteur et permet le maintien de la grossesse
Kiswahili (Swahili): homoni ya jinsia ya kike yenye umuhimu katika kudhibiti mzunguko wa uzazi na udumishaji wa ujauzito
Chinese: 主要的女性性激素之一，在调节女性生殖周期和维持妊娠中起关键作用
approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the uterus consisting of a menses phase, a proliferative phase, and a secretory phase
first menstruation in a pubertal female
the period in a woman's life when her menstrual periods stop permanently, usually between 45 and 55 years of age
