Opposition, power, and conflict within the family and society are needed for society to develop and change.

Emphasizes the competing interests of familial roles including the male dominating the family and providing stability to society.

This theory was first perpetuated by Karl Marx and posits that social order is maintained through dominance and power.

Individuals are part of a group of concentric systems that impact their development and growth.

Children are influenced by the people and environments in which they spend the most time,, as well as the greater social events, trends and values.

Micro, Meso, Exo, Macro, and Chronosystems.

Urie Bronfenbrenner developed this theory in the second half of the 20th century; he influenced the creation of HeadStart in the United States.

Individuals have differet strengths, resources and weaknesses and enter into relationships via the evaluation of benefits and costs.

Emphasizes the motivation for familial relationships: that each person is giving and gaining within the family.

The “breadwinner-homemaker family” is the classic example.

Society is structured in a way
that privileges men over women; the theory works to understand and
to transform inequalities.

This theory emphasizes the way
that gender roles are constructed within the family including the
socialization of children.

Gender differences are mostly
socially constructed. This theory draws on the Conflict, Exchange,
and Symbolic Interaction perspectives.

Different from the Feminist
Activist movement! Read and listen carefully to avoid
confusion.

Social institutions function
together in order to meet individual and group needs.

The family can be seen as an
institution (e.g. breadwinner-homemaker family) that contributes to
a harmonious society

Formulated originally in 19th
century France, it was the dominant sociological theory in mid-20th
century United States

Individuals meet one set of
needs first in order to be motivated and able to achieve other
needs.

This theory influences family
life in its arrangement of what needs are most
important.

There is evidence that
indigenous cultures in North America developed a hierarchy of needs
earlier than the more well-known model created by Abraham
Maslow.

Pays attention to time
including significant social and historical events and life
transitions in their roles of shaping the trajectories of birth
cohorts and the individuals in them.

Family life is impacted by
large national and international events: wars, natural
disasters, pandemics, economic depressions. In particular,
children and adolescents in a given cohort will be impacted by
these events over time.

Emerging Early Adulthood: the
period of life when people shift into adulthood as they end their
education, start a career and begin families. This period of life
has become more varied and complex because of societal
change.

Do not confuse this with the
Lifespan theory which has a different emphasis! Read and listen
carefully to avoid confusion.

Choice and individuality are
emphasized in the postmodern era. Humans are able to act in
the way they choose with society and within
institutions.

Individuals have a much greater
choice than they did in the past about how they form their
families, the roles they play and who is in their family. History,
family, and tradition have decreasing roles in family
life.

Reflexivity: the way in which
people take in new information, reflect upon it, and adjust and act
with new knowledge

This theory is a very broad one
and applies to many aspects of work, societal, and family life.
Social Theorist Anthony Giddens has written about this
theory.

Psychosocial theory explains
changes in self-understanding, social relationships, and one’s
relationship to society from infancy through later life.

Interactions with family
members are considered key to this theory, especially in infancy
and early childhood.

Developmental crisis

This approach examines the
close connections between the inner workings of families and the
social structures that shape all families, but in different
ways.

Family diversity is
constructed through interactions with social structures as well as
the individual actions of family members

Social location: families are
affected by the intersections of class, race, and gender which
place them in differing social locations. Human Agency: the active
shaping of family life by individual action.

This approach posited by Maxine
Baca Zinn combines prior work in intersectionality with individual
agency, family, and social structural factors.

This theory focuses on the
changing nature of symbols and the ways we interact with one
another based on those symbols. Humans see themselves through the
eyes of others and this affects the roles they play.

Changing roles and symbols
affect the ways family members interact with each other and with
society. Societal expectations and social constructions of
fathering and mothering roles have changed over time and this
interacts with the way fathers and mothers actually
behave.

Interpretation of shared
understandings influences how humans respond and
interact.

Has a basis in philosophy
(George Herbert Mead) and in Sociology (Herbert Blumer.)

Individuals are part of a group
of concentric systems that impact their development and
growth.

Children are influenced by the
people and environments in which they spend the most time,, as well
as the greater social events, trends and values.

Micro, Meso, Exo, Macro, and
Chronosystems.

Urie Bronfenbrenner developed
this theory in the second half of the 20th century; he influenced
the creation of HeadStart in the United States.

Individuals have different
strengths, resources and weaknesses and enter into relationships
via the evaluation of benefits and costs.

Emphasizes the motivation for
familial relationships: that each person is giving and gaining
within the family.

The “breadwinner-homemaker
family” is the classic example.

Society is structured in a way
that privileges men over women; the theory works to understand and
to transform inequalities.

This theory emphasizes the way
that gender roles are constructed within the family including the
socialization of children.

Gender differences are mostly
socially constructed. This theory draws on the Conflict, Exchange,
and Symbolic Interaction perspectives.

Different from the Feminist
Activist movement! Read and listen carefully to avoid
confusion.

Pays attention to time
including significant social and historical events and life
transitions in their roles of shaping the trajectories of birth
cohorts and the individuals in them.

Family life is impacted by
large national and international events: wars, natural
disasters, pandemics, economic depressions. In particular,
children and adolescents in a given cohort will be impacted by
these events over time.

Emerging Early Adulthood: the
period of life when people shift into adulthood as they end their
education, start a career and begin families. This period of life
has become more varied and complex because of societal
change.

Do not confuse this with the
Lifespan theory which has a different emphasis! Read and listen
carefully to avoid confusion.

Choice and individuality are
emphasized in the postmodern era. Humans are able to act in
the way they choose with society and within
institutions.

Individuals have a much greater
choice than they did in the past about how they form their
families, the roles they play and who is in their family. History,
family, and tradition have decreasing roles in family
life.

Reflexivity: the way in which
people take in new information, reflect upon it, and adjust and act
with new knowledge

This theory is a very broad one
and applies to many aspects of work, societal, and family life.
Social Theorist Anthony Giddens has written about this
theory.

This approach examines the
close connections between the inner workings of families and the
social structures that shape all families, but in different
ways.

Family diversity is
constructed through interactions with social structures as well as
the individual actions of family members

Social location: families are
affected by the intersections of class, race, and gender which
place them in differing social locations. Human Agency: the active
shaping of family life by individual action.

This approach posited by Maxine
Baca Zinn combines prior work in intersectionality with individual
agency, family, and social structural factors.

This theory focuses on the
changing nature of symbols and the ways we interact with one
another based on those symbols. Humans see themselves through the
eyes of others and this affects the roles they play.

Changing roles and symbols
affect the ways family members interact with each other and with
society. Societal expectations and social constructions of
fathering and mothering roles have changed over time and this
interacts with the way fathers and mothers actually
behave.

Interpretation of shared
understandings influences how humans respond and
interact.

Has a basis in philosophy
(George Herbert Mead) and in Sociology (Herbert Blumer.)