• For more in-depth discussion about the complexities and drawbacks of pan-ethnic labels, please refer to this resource.
• If you would like to explore coming-of-age rituals in more depth, this TED Talk explores historic and modern important rites of passage and how they can help young teens understand what it means to become an adult by teaching life skills and reinforcing character traits and values.
• If you would like to explore the topic of how culture and religion overlap in human lives, we recommend the TED Talk by anthropologist Wade Davis, “The Worldwide Web of Belief and Ritual.” Davis provides many examples of the deep familiarity and knowledge Indigenous communities develop and pass on to the next generations, with a focus on the Elder Brothers, a group of Sierra Nevada Native Americans.
• To further explore the different race, ethnicity, and origin categories used in the U.S. census, we recommend visiting this interactive resource by the Pew Research Center, “What Census Calls Us.”
• For further information about quinceañeras, we recommend visiting the following resources:

• “History and Traditions of Quinceañeras” from Mestizo.
• “The history of the Quinceañera: How generations of Latinas entered womanhood in Phoenix.”
• “Sick with leukemia, her grandfather wouldn’t make her quinceañera, so she brought the event to him.”

• For additional information on the topic of the revitalization of ‘ōlelo Hawai’i and the ripple effects of the movement, please explore the following resources:

• “He pūkoʻa kaniʻāina: Creating Pathways for Indigenous Language Vitality | Candace Galla”: an 11-minute TED Talk by Candace Galla about how the movement to revitalize ‘ōlelo Hawai’i inspired many other Indigenous language communities around the world.
• “The Hawaiian Language | Insights on PBS Hawai’i”: a 56-minute discussion of the Hawaiian language with scholars and musicians who are fluent in the language.
• “Hoʻokipa: Hawaiian Language Movement Visitation Program”: 5 minutes of information about a program in Hilo, Hawai’i, that hosts hundreds of language advocates annually at various events and gatherings.
• “Queen Lili’uokalani – The First and Last Queen of Hawai’i | Unladylike2020 | American Masters | PBS”: 12 minutes of information about Queen Lili’uokalani, the first sovereign queen and the last monarch of Hawai’i, who assumed the throne in the midst of a government takeover by American business owners supported by the U.S. military.
• “The Hawaiian Language Nearly Died. A Radio Show Sparked Its Revival”: an article and associated 35-minute podcast episode about the radio show that was integral in efforts to revitalize the Hawaiian language.

1. What is the importance of routines in families? In particular, how can routines support a child’s sense of security and healthy development?
2. Routines can be tricky to establish and maintain while attending college. What are some routines or habits you have tried to start or maintain? What has been helpful in keeping a routine going? What are some things that get in the way of maintaining a routine or habit?
3. Think about a ritual or tradition that you have practiced with your family or loved ones. Describe the ritual or tradition: What is the ritual? Who participates, and what are their roles?
4. This chapter discusses four life stages that are commonly marked by rites of passage: birth/family formation, coming of age, marriage/union formation, and dying/bereavement. Identify and describe a rite of passage in your own life or that of a family member or friend.
5. What are two models of cultural identity? Which one resonates most with you? Explain how it connects to your experience.
6. What are the ways you have created a sense of belonging, community, or rootedness?
7. What are some examples of cultural persistence and resistance? How do these activities contribute to family well-being?

• Acculturation: the process of adapting to a new culture.
• Anchoring practices: the behaviors, efforts, and actions people carry out to seek, create, and maintain a sense of community and rootedness.
• Assimilation strategy: an acculturation strategy consisting of pursuing and adopting the cultural norms, values, and traditions of the new society or dominant culture.
• Biculturalism: when a person has been exposed to and has internalized elements from two or more cultures.
• Culture: the shared meanings and shared experiences passed down over time by individuals in a group, such as beliefs, values, symbols, means of communication, religion, logics, rituals, fashions, etiquette, foods, and art that unite a particular society.
• Cultural erasure: the practice of a dominant or hegemonic culture actively or passively contributing to the erasure, or disappearing, of a non-dominant or minoritized culture.
• Ethnic group: a subgroup of a population with a set of shared social, cultural, and historical experiences; relatively distinctive beliefs, values, and behaviors; and some sense of identity of belonging to the subgroup.
• Ethnic identity: a sense of self that is derived from a sense of belonging to a group, a culture, and a particular setting.
• Ethnicity: the shared social, cultural, and historical experiences stemming from common national, ancestral, or regional backgrounds that make subgroups of a population different from one another.
• Family ritual: behaviors with symbolic meanings that can be clearly described and serve to organize and affirm central family ideas.
• Family routine: the predictable, repeated, consistent patterns that characterize everyday home life.
• Heritage cultural orientation: the extent to which individuals are involved with their heritage, ethnic, or nondominant culture.
• Integration strategy: an acculturation strategy utilized by those who wish to maintain one’s original culture as a member of an ethnocultural group while also participating as an integral member of the larger social network.
• Marginalization strategy: an acculturation strategy where a person neither seeks relationships with aspects of the host culture nor maintains their heritage, culture, and identity.
• Pan-ethnicity: the grouping together of multiple ethnicities and nationalities under a single label.
• Rite of passage: a ritual or celebration that marks the passage when a person leaves one status, role, set of conditions, or group to enter another.
• Separation strategy: an acculturation strategy where a person places a high value on maintaining the integrity of their original cultural identity and avoids interaction with those of the new society.

This chapter focuses on the ways that families create and experience belonging through culture, tradition, and rituals. In earlier chapters you’ve learned about various forms of families, how they have changed over time, and the stigma that people in some family forms experience. In figure 5.13, watch to learn more about how immigrant families and other families with intersectional identities work to create stability, structure, and belonging for their families.

https://youtu.be/Y2tpjf8G6nQ

Discussion Questions

1. Describe the changes in family forms that are discussed in the first part of the video.
2. How do immigrant families reflect or differ from these family forms?
3. What challenges do immigrant families face in creating stability for their families?
4. What are some examples of intersectionality that apply specifically to immigrant families and the immigration process?