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Detailed Outline

The following detailed outline lists the sequence of topics and sub-topics covered in each chapter. We hope that reviewing this sequence will help future educators who may wish to adapt parts of the textbook for a specific course or project. Please note that the Pressbooks Table of Contents offers a high-level outline of this sequence, whereas this detailed outline shows each subtopic. Content can also be located by keyword by searching this book (upper right).

  1. Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. What Is Human Development?
      1. Major Domains of Human Development
        1. Developmental Milestones
      2. Additional Domains Highlighted in This Textbook
        1. Adaptive Development
        2. Sexual Development
        3. Moral Development
        4. Gender Identity Development
        5. Identity Development
      3. Licenses and Attributions for What Is Human Development?
    3. Historical Overview
      1. Childhood as a Social Construction
        1. Scenario 1
        2. Scenario 2
      2. The Role of Children in Society
        1. Western European Perspective
        2. Indigenous Perspectives About Children
        3. Author Views on Childhood and Development
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Historical Overview
    4. Equity in Human Development
      1. Systemic Inequalities
      2. Intersectionality
      3. Social Determinants
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Equity in Human Development
      5. Case Studies
        1. Dyani
        2. Anthony
        3. Gabriela
        4. Jesse
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Case Studies
    5. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    6. References
  2. Chapter 2: Theory and Research in Child Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Theories and Research
      1. What Is a Theory?
      2. How Research and Theory Work
      3. How Theories Change Over Time
      4. Bias in Research and Theory
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Theories and Research
    3. Stage Theories
      1. Theory of Cognitive Development
        1. Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory
      2. Psychosocial Theory
      3. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
        1. Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Stage Theories
    4. Social, Environmental, and Attachment Theories
      1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
        1. Criticisms of Maslow’s Theory
      2. Social Cognitive Theory (Social Learning Theory)
        1. Criticisms of Bandura’s Theory
      3. Sociocultural Theory
      4. Ecological Systems Model
        1. Criticisms of Bronfenbrenner’s Theory
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Social, Environmental, and Attachment Theories
    5. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    6. References
  3. Chapter 3: Conception, Pregnancy, and Prenatal Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Becoming You: How Human Development Begins
      1. What Are Genes and Chromosomes?
      2. Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities
      3. Genotype, Phenotype, and Heredity Factors
      4. A Deeper Dive Into Genetics
      5. Epigenetics
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Becoming You: How Human Development Begins
    3. Conception and Prenatal Development
      1. Stages of Prenatal Development
        1. Germinal Period
        2. Embryonic Period
        3. Fetal Period
        4. Prenatal Brain Development
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conception and Prenatal Development
    4. Determining the Sex of the Child
      1. Chromosomal Abnormalities
      2. Types of Chromosomal Abnormalities
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Determining the Sex of the Child
    5. Health and Wellness
      1. Social Determinants of Health
        1. Economic Stability
        2. Health-Care Access and Quality
        3. Environmental Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes
      2. Common Health Conditions During Pregnancy
      3. Mental Health During Pregnancy
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    6. Pregnancy and Social Context
      1. Systemic Issues and Social Inequalities
      2. Case Study: Consuelo and Gabriela
      3. Gender and Pregnancy
        1. Gendering the Unborn Child
        2. Transgender Men
      4. Cultural Perceptions and Age
        1. Teenage Pregnancy
        2. Pregnancy in Advanced Maternal Age
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Pregnancy and Social Context
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    8. References
  4. Chapter 4: Birth, the Newborn, and Postnatal Experiences
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Stages of Childbirth
      1. Preparing for and Onset of Labor
      2. Birth Classes and Education
      3. The First Stage
      4. The Second Stage
      5. The Third Stage
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Stages of Childbirth
    3. Approaches to Childbirth
      1. The Settings for Labor and Delivery
        1. Doulas and Midwives
      2. Methods of Labor and Delivery
        1. Unmedicated Delivery
        2. C-Section Delivery
        3. Other Medical Interventions in Childbirth
        4. Rates and Data
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Approaches to Childbirth
    4. The Newborn
      1. Newborn Characteristics
      2. Sensory Development and Reflexes
      3. Common Newborn Issues
      4. Case Study: Amira and Anthony
      5. Licenses and Attributions for The Newborn
    5. Postnatal and Postpartum Experiences
      1. Understanding the Fourth Trimester
      2. Feeding and Bonding
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Postnatal and Postpartum Experiences
    6. Social and Cultural Considerations
      1. La Cuarentena or the Quarantine
      2. Birth as a Sacred Ceremony
      3. Zuo Yue Zi or Sitting the Month
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Social and Cultural Considerations
    7. Health and Wellness
      1. Postpartum Health Care
      2. Sleep
      3. Nutrition
      4. Mental Health
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    8. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  5. Chapter 5: Cognitive, Language, and Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Cognitive Development
      1. The Growing Brain
      2. Moral Development
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Cognitive Development
    3. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
      1. Sensorimotor Stage
      2. Preoperational Stage
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
    4. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
      1. Licenses and Attributions for Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Development
    5. Cognitive Milestones
      1. Licenses and Attributions for Cognitive Milestones
    6. Early Language Development
      1. Language Progression and Communication
      2. Social and Cultural Influences in Language
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Early Language Development
    7. Language and Communication Milestones
      1. Theories of Language Development
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Language and Communication Milestones
    8. Physical Development
      1. The Growing Body
      2. Motor Development
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Physical Development
    9. Motor Skill Milestones
      1. Licenses and Attributions for Motor Skill Milestones
    10. Sexual Development
      1. Body Development
      2. Body Awareness and Exploration
      3. Body Safety and Consent
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Sexual Development
    11. Health and Wellness
      1. Effects of Maternal Mental Health
      2. Case Study: Ashley and Jesse
      3. Child Maltreatment
      4. Nutritional and Social Factors
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    12. Encouraging Healthy Development
      1. Licenses and Attributions for Encouraging Healthy Development
    13. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    14. References
  6. Chapter 6: Social, Emotional, Adaptive, and Identity Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Social and Emotional Development
      1. Temperament
      2. Early Emotional Development
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Social and Emotional Development
    3. Attachment and Bonding
      1. Case Study: Dyani
      2. Parenting Styles
      3. Identity Formation
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Attachment and Bonding
    4. Social and Emotional Theories and Milestones
      1. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
        1. Stage 1: Trust versus Mistrust (0 to 18 months)
        2. Stage 2: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3 years)
      2. Social Learning Theory
      3. Attachment Theory
        1. The Harlows’ Studies
        2. Bowlby’s Theory
        3. Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation
      4. Social and Emotional Milestones
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Social and Emotional Theories and Milestones
    5. The Importance of Play
      1. Piaget’s Stages of Play
      2. Licenses and Attributions for the Importance of Play
    6. Adaptive Skill Development
      1. Eating
      2. Toileting
      3. Dressing
      4. Adaptive Skills Milestones
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Adaptive Skill Development and Milestones
    7. Health and Wellness
      1. Medical Care and Nutrition Access
      2. Family Leave Policy
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    8. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  7. Chapter 7: Preschool Cognitive and Language Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Cognitive Development
      1. The Growing Brain
      2. Learning and Memory
      3. Attention
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Cognitive Development
    3. Moral Development
      1. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
      2. Carol Gilligan’s Ethics of Care
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Moral Development
    4. Cognitive Development Theories and Milestones
      1. Piaget and the Preoperational Stage
      2. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
      3. Cognitive Milestones
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Cognitive Development Theories and Milestones
    5. Language Development
      1. Multilingualism
      2. Case Study: Gabriela
      3. Language and Communication Milestones
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Language Development
    6. Physical Development in the Preschool Years
      1. The Growing Body
      2. Motor Development
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Physical Development in the Preschool Years
    7. Sexual Development
      1. Body Awareness and Exploration
      2. Body Safety and Consent
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Sexual Development
    8. Health and Wellness
      1. Screen Time
      2. Sleep
      3. Nutrition
      4. Mental Health
        1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
        2. Autism Spectrum Disorder
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    9. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    10. References
  8. Chapter 8: Social, Emotional, Adaptive, and Identity Development in Preschoolers
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Social and Emotional Development
      1. Attachment and Bonding
      2. Emotional Development and Self-Regulation
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Social and Emotional Development
    3. Play and Social Competence
      1. Case Study: Anthony
      2. Play Theories and Frameworks
        1. Parten’s Classification of Play
        2. Piaget’s Stages of Play
        3. Play as Sensory Learning
        4. Play in the Reggio Emilia Approach
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Play and Social Competence
    4. Social Emotional Theories and Milestones
      1. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
        1. Stage 3: Initiative versus Guilt (3 to 5 years old)
      2. Social Learning Theory
      3. Social and Emotional Milestones
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Social and Emotional Theories and Milestones
    5. Adaptive Skill Development
      1. Licenses and Attributions for Adaptive Skill Development
    6. Identity Formation
      1. Self-Esteem
      2. Gender Identity
        1. The Social Reinforcement of Gender
        2. Gender Dysphoria
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Identity Formation
    7. Health and Wellness
      1. Adverse Childhood Experiences
      2. Child Maltreatment
      3. Preschool Access
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    8. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  9. Chapter 9: Middle Childhood Physical
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. The Growing Body
      1. Height and Weight Changes
      2. Bone and Muscle Mass
      3. Gross Motor Skills
      4. Fine Motor Skills
      5. Physical Activity
      6. Case Study: Anthony
      7. Exercise in Schools
      8. Organized Sports
      9. Trends in Physical Growth Throughout History
      10. Licenses and Attributions for the Growing Body
    3. Brain Development
      1. The Prefrontal Cortex
      2. Cortisol
      3. The Impact of Emotional Trauma on Brain Development
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Brain Development
    4. Sexual Development
      1. Sexual Identity Development During Puberty
      2. Case Study: Jesse
      3. Sex Education During Middle Childhood
      4. Abstinence-Only Sex Education
      5. Peer-Led Sex Education
      6. Sex-Positive Sex Education
      7. Equity Issues in Accessing Sex Education
      8. Race and Sex Education
      9. The Importance of LGBTQIA+ Inclusion in Sex Education
      10. Teaching Consent as Part of Healthy Sexual Development
      11. Licenses and Attributions for Sexual Development
    5. Health and Wellness
      1. Sleep Needs in Middle Childhood
      2. Bedwetting
      3. Nutrition
      4. Immunization and Disease Prevention
      5. Vision Development
      6. Dental Development
      7. Hearing Development
      8. Equity Gaps in Vision, Dental, and Hearing Care
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    6. Physical Development and Neighborhoods
      1. Neighborhoods and Bicycle Safety
      2. Swimming Pools
      3. Safety in Sports
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Physical Development and Neighborhoods
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    8. References
  10. Chapter 10: Middle Childhood Cognitive and Language Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Theories
      1. Vygotsky
      2. Piaget
        1. Concrete Operational Stage
        2. Culturally Responsive Approaches to Piaget
      3. Bandura
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Theories
    3. Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
      1. Executive Function
        1. Impulse Control
        2. Emotional regulation
        3. Working Memory
        4. Self-Awareness
        5. Information Processing
      2. Attention
        1. What Is “Normal”?
        2. Understanding Variations in Attention
        3. Strategies for Success
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
    4. Language Development in Middle Childhood
      1. Growing Minds, Expanding Language
        1. Complex Syntax
        2. Metalinguistic Development
      2. Dual-Language Instruction
      3. Case Study: Gabriela
        1. Theories of Language Development
        2. Skinner and Operant Conditioning
        3. Chomsky and Language Acquisition
        4. Piaget and Assimilation and Accommodation
        5. Vygotsky and the Zone of Proximal Development
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Language Development in Middle Childhood
    5. Middle Childhood and School
      1. Factors That Influence School Experiences
        1. Stereotypes
        2. Parental Involvement
        3. Student Perspectives
        4. Cultural Influences
      2. Case Study: Dyani
      3. Neurodivergence and the Classroom
        1. Learning Disorders or Disabilities
        2. Speech and Language Disorders
      4. Inclusive Educational Practices
        1. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
        2. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
        3. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Middle Childhood and School
    6. Health and Wellness
      1. Stressors that Impact Information Processing
        1. Optional Resources Related to Trauma
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    8. References
  11. Chapter 11: Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Self-Concept and Understanding
      1. Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
      2. Cognitive Influences on Self-Concept
      3. Cultural Influences on Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
        1. Family Influences on Self-Esteem
        2. Peer Influences on Self-Esteem
        3. Cultural and Media Influences on Self-Esteem
      4. Case Study: Dyani and Gabriela
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Self-Concept and Understanding
    3. Relationships in Middle Childhood
      1. Middle Childhood Friendship
      2. Gendered Patterns in Friendships
      3. Family Formations
        1. Divorced Families
        2. Blended Families
        3. Single Parent Families
        4. Families Experiencing the Loss of a Parent
        5. Cohabiting Families
        6. LGBTQIA+ Families
        7. Adoptive Families
        8. Families Navigating Poverty
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Relationships in Middle Childhood
    4. Gender Identity Development
      1. Gender as a Construct
      2. Gender Stereotyping
      3. Gender Identities
        1. Cisgender
        2. Gender Fluid
        3. Nonbinary
        4. Transgender
        5. Two-Spirit
        6. Agender
        7. Genderqueer
      4. Gender Expression and the Alignment of Gender Performance
        1. Gender Expression and Self-Esteem
        2. Gender Expression and Romantic Relationships
        3. Differences Between Gender Expression and Sexual Orientation
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Gender Identity Development
    5. Moral Development
      1. Theories of Moral Development
        1. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
        2. Kohlberg’s Moral Dilemmas
        3. Critiques of Kohlberg’s Theory
        4. Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development
        5. Contrasts Between Piaget and Kohlberg
        6. Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Development
        7. Gilligan’s Moral Development Framework
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Moral Development
    6. Health and Wellness
      1. Mental Health
        1. Anxiety and Depression
        2. Bullying
        3. Early Exposure to Pornography
      2. Peer Influence/Pressure and Substance Misuse/Abuse
        1. Early Exposure to Alcohol
        2. Tobacco Use in Middle School
      3. The Effects of Childhood Trauma
        1. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
        2. Physical abuse
        3. Sexual abuse
        4. Emotional abuse
        5. Physical neglect
        6. Emotional neglect
        7. Household substance abuse
        8. Household mental illness
        9. Parental separation or divorce
        10. Domestic violence
        11. Incarcerated household member
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    8. References
  12. Chapter 12: Adolescent Physical and Sexual Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Case Studies
        1. Dyani
        2. Anthony
        3. Gabriela
        4. Jesse
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. The Growing Body: Physical Development in Adolescence
      1. Body Changes
        1. Brain Development
        2. Changes in Sleep/Biorhythm
      2. Licenses and Attributions for the Growing Body
    3. Sexual Development
      1. Signs of Puberty
      2. Male Anatomy
      3. Male Reproductive Anatomy
      4. Female Anatomy
      5. Female Reproductive Physiology
      6. Menstruation
      7. Intersex Anatomy
      8. Transgender Anatomy
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Puberty
    4. Sexual Activity
      1. Pregnancy
        1. Risk Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy
        2. Consequences of Adolescent Pregnancy
      2. Sexually Transmitted Infections
      3. Contraceptive Methods and Protection From Sexually Transmitted Infection
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Sexual Development
    5. Health and Wellness
      1. Nutrition
        1. Accessing Healthy Food
      2. Immunization and Disease Prevention
        1. Communicable Disease
      3. Vehicle/Drivers Education Safety
        1. Equity Issues in Driver’s Safety Education
        2. Racism in Vehicle Safety
      4. Case Study: Anthony
      5. Gun Violence
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    6. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    7. References
  13. Chapter 13: Adolescent Cognitive Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Theories
      1. Piaget
        1. Formal Operational Stage
        2. Formal Operational Thinking in the Classroom
        3. Adolescent Egocentrism
        4. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
      2. Vygotsky
        1. Cultural Tools
        2. Vygotsky in the Classroom
        3. Spontaneous and Scientific Thinking
        4. Critical Periods
      3. Gaps and Limitations
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Theories
    3. Cognitive Development in Adolescence
      1. Executive Function
        1. Activity: Information Processing Model
        2. Metacognition
        3. Pruning
      2. Critical Thinking
        1. Relativistic Thinking
        2. Intuitive and Analytic Thinking
        3. Cognitive Empathy
        4. Impulse Control
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Cognitive Development in Adolescence
    4. Language Development in Adolescence
      1. Grammar, Syntax, and Vocabulary Development
      2. Language Development
      3. Diversity in Language
        1. Culturally Specific Language
        2. Dual Language Programs
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Language Development in Adolescence
    5. Academics and Beyond
      1. School
        1. Finishing High School
        2. Gap Year
      2. Employment
      3. Case Study: Jesse
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Academics and Beyond
    6. Health and Wellness
      1. Sleep (in relation to circadian rhythms and impact on adolescent wellness)
      2. Stressors that Impact Information Processing
        1. Bandwidth Tax
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    7. Cultural and Environmental Influences
      1. Family
      2. Peers
      3. Sex and Gender Bias (in Academic Performance)
        1. Life of a high school student
        2. Cultural Differences
      4. Case Study: Gabriela
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Cultural and Environmental Influences
    8. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
        1. Optional resources
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  14. Chapter 14: Adolescent Social-Emotional Development
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
    2. Developing the Self-Concept
      1. Cognitive Influences on Self-Concept
      2. Cultural Influences on Self-Concept
      3. Self-Esteem
        1. Family Influences on Self-esteem
        2. Peer Influences on Self-esteem
        3. Cognitive Influences on Self-esteem
        4. Cultural Influences on Self-esteem
        5. Boosting Self-esteem in Late Adolescence
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Developing the Self-Concept
    3. Parents and Teens: Autonomy and Attachment
      1. The Parent-Child Relationship
      2. Friendships in Adolescence
      3. Teen Friendships and Technology
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Parents and Teens: Autonomy and Attachment
    4. Developing Moral Reasoning: Kohlberg’s Theory
      1. Influences in Moral Development
        1. Family
        2. Peers
        3. Media
        4. Influences on Teens
      2. Sociocultural Factors
      3. Case Study: Dyani
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Developing Moral Reasoning: Kohlberg’s Theory
    5. Sexuality and Gender Identity in Adolescence
      1. “Queer,” “Bisexual,” “Pansexual,” “Polyamorous,” “Asexual”
      2. Is Sexual Orientation Influenced by the Environment?
      3. Coming Out
        1. When Did You Know You Were Straight? Bias in Adolescent Romantic Relationships
      4. Intimate Partner Violence
      5. What is Gender Identity?
        1. Gender Identities
        2. The Language of Gender
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Sexuality and Gender Identity in Adolescence
    6. Health and Wellness
      1. Bipolar
      2. Schizophrenia
      3. ADHD
      4. Bullying
      5. Peer pressure
      6. Suicide
        1. Awareness
        2. Prevention
        3. Seeking Treatment
        4. Gender Identity
        5. Disordered Eating
      7. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use
        1. Alcohol Use
        2. Tobacco
        3. Drug Use
      8. Social Media Influences
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Health and Wellness
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Comprehension Check
      3. Review of Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    8. References

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