Attributions and References for Glossary Terms
Anti-positivism: “Ch. 1 Key Terms” by Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns, Introduction to Sociology 2e, Openstax, is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Antiracism: California Speech Language and Hearing Association. 2024. “Antiracism.” Retrieved March 15, 2024. (https://www.csha.org/anti-racism/)
Content analysis, correlation, experiment, interpretive framework: “Ch. 2 Key Terms” by Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns, Introduction to Sociology 2e, Openstax, is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Crime, criminal justice system, deviance, differential association theory, labeling theory, primary deviance, secondary deviance, social control, social disorganization theory, and strain theory: “Ch.7 Key Terms” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang in Openstax Sociology 3e, which is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Crowds and reference groups: Introduction to Sociology 3e by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, and Asha Lal Tamang, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Cultural relativism: “Ch. 3 Key Terms” by Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns, Introduction to Sociology 2e, Openstax, is licensed under CC BY 4.0
Discrimination: “Discrimination” definition from “Ch. 11 Key Terms” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Ethnocentrism: “What is Culture?” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Feminism: Expanded from the Open Education Sociology Dictionary licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Feminist theory: “Foundations of Feminist Criminology” by Shereen Hassan and Dan Lett, Introduction to Criminology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Gender expression: “Wrapping Up: What Is Gender? Beyond the Binary” by Katherine Furniss, Sarah Hammarlund, Deena Wassenberg, Sehoya Cotner, Evan Nickchen, and Rachel Olzer, Evolution and Biology of Sex, University of Minnesota Libraries is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Gender role: Modified from “Ch. 12 Key Terms” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Group, Secondary group, Primary group: “Ch. 6 Key Terms” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Intersectionality: “Intersectionality” definition adapted from “Glossary” by Shereen Hassan and Dan Lett, Introduction to Criminology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Edited for consistency.
Macro level: Collins, Randall. 1981. “On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology.” American Journal of Sociology. 86(5): 984-1014.
Micro level: Collins, Randall. 1981. “On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology.” American Journal of Sociology. 86(5): 984-1014.
Oppression: National Museum of African American History & Culture. 2019. “Social Identities and Systems of Oppression.” Talking about Race. Smithsonian. October 2, 2019. https://nmaahc.si.edu/learn/talking-about-race/topics/social-identities-and-systems-oppression.
Popular culture: “High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Privilege: Johnson, Allan G. 2018. Privilege, Power and Difference. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education
Reflexivity: Cambridge University Press & Assessment. 2022. “Reflexivity.” Cambridge Dictionary. Accessed June 17, 2023. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/reflexivity
Roles: “Ch. 4 Key Terms” by Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns, Introduction to Sociology 2e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Social facts: Introduction to Sociology 3e by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, and Asha Lal Tamang, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Social Institutions: “Society, Culture, and Social Institutions” by Lumen Learning, Introduction to Sociology, is licensed under CC BY 4.0 and is adapted from “Elements of Culture”by Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns, Introduction to Sociology 2e, Openstax, which is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Socialization: “Ch. 5 Key Terms” by Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns, Introduction to Sociology 2e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Social networks: “7.3 Networks” by William Little, Introduction to Sociology – 3rd Canadian Edition, Nova Scotia Community College, is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Social Structure: “Conceptualizing Structures of Power” by Miliann Kang, Donovan Lessard, Laura Heston, and Sonny Nordmarken, Introduction to Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Status consistency: Adapted from “9.1 What Is Social Stratification?”by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang in Openstax Sociology 3e, which is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Theory: “Theory” definition from “Ch. 1 Key Terms” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Traditional authority, rational legal authority, and charismatic authority: “Ch. 17 Key Terms” by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang, Introduction to Sociology 3e, Openstax is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
