15 What is a gene?

The information to make proteins is stored in an organism’s DNA. Each protein is coded for by a specific section of DNA called a gene. A gene is the section of DNA required to produce one protein. Genes are typically hundreds or thousands of base pairs in length because they code for proteins made of hundreds or thousands of amino acids.

Remember that DNA in eukaryotes is found as long linear molecules called chromosomes. Chromosomes are millions of base pairs in length and each contain many, many genes. Some example chromosomes are described in the table below.

Chromosome  Size (in base pairs) # of genes
1 248,956,422 2058
10 133,797,422 733
22 50818468 488

 

 

human karyotype
Figure 1: A karyotype showing the sizes of all the human chromosomes. Notice that they decrease in size.

To summarize: many base pairs make up one gene, many genes are found on one chromosome, and many chromosomes can be found in one genome.

image
Figure 2: The arrangement of DNA into chromosomes. Photo credit: Thomas Splettstoesser (www.scistyle.com)

 

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Mt Hood Community College Biology 102 Copyright © 2016 by Lisa Bartee and Christine Anderson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Feedback/Errata

Comments are closed.