10.13 References
Myers, D.L. (2001). Excluding violent youth from the juvenile court: The effectiveness of legislative waiver. New York: LBF Scholarly Press.
Feld, B.C. (1999). Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kim, C.Y., Losen, D. J, and Hewitt, D.T. (2010). The school-to-prison pipeline: Structuring legal reform. NYU Press.
Merlo, A., & Benekos, P. (2019). The Juvenile Justice System, Delinquency, Processing, and the Law (9th ed.) Pearson.
Shoemaker, D. (2018). Juvenile Delinquency (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Mennel, R.M. (1973). Thorns & Thistles: Juvenile Delinquents in the United States from 1825–1940. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
People Ex Rel. O’connell v. Turner, 55 Ill. 280 (Ill. 1870).
Illinois Supreme Court. (2021, September 21). People ex rel. O’Connell v. Turner. https://cite.case.law/ill/55/280/
Fox, S.J. (1970). Juvenile Justice Reform: An Historical Perspective. Stanford Law Review, 22:1187–1239.
History.com Editors. (2009, October 29). U.S. immigration before 1965. History.com. https://www.history.com/topics/u-s-immigration-before-1965.
Feld, B.C. (1999). Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court. New York: Oxford University Press.
Platt, A. (1977). The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency (2nd ed., pp.83). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Commonwealth v. Fisher, 213 Pa. 48 (1905). (n.d.). Caselaw Access Project Harvard Law School. https://cite.case.law/pa/213/48/
Rocque, M. and Snellings, Q. (2018). The new disciplinology: Research, theory, and remaining puzzles on the school-to-prison pipeline. Journal of Criminal Justice, 59, 3–11.
Wright, J. P., Morgan, M. A., Coyne, M. A., Beaver, K. M., & Barnes, J. C. (2014). Prior problem behavior accounts for the racial gap in school suspensions. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42(3), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.01.001
Welch, K, Lehmann, P.S. Chouhy, C., and Chiricos, T. (2022) Cumulative Racial and Ethnic Disparities Along the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 59(5):574–626 DOI:10.1177/00224278211070501
Urbina, I. (2009, Oct. 1). It’s a fork, it’s a spoon, it’s a. . .weapon? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/education/12discipline.html
Fix, R. (2018). Why Disproportionate Minority Contact Exists, What to Do. Juvenile Justice Information Exchange. https://jjie.org/2018/04/16/why-disproportionate-minority-contact-exists-what-to-do/
Johnson, O. C. (2007, March 1). Disparity Rules. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1481422
Feld, B.C. (2001). Race, youth violence, and the changing jurisprudence of waiver. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19(1), 3–22.
Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 National Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Cox, S. M., Conrad, J. J., & Allen, J. M. (2003). Juvenile justice: A guide to theory and practice. McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages.
Benekos, P., & Merlo, A. (2004). Controversies in juvenile justice and delinquency. Anderson Publishing.
Feld, B.C. (2003). The Politics of Race and Juvenile Justice: The ‘Due Process Revolution’ and the Conservative Reaction. Justice Quarterly 20:765–800
Rubin, H. T. (1996). The Nature of the Court Today. The Future of Children, 6(3), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/1602592
Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541, 86 S.Ct. 1045 (1966). Pp 554–556
In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 87 S.Ct. 1428 (1967)
In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 90 S.Ct. 1068 (1970)
Breed v. Jones, 421 U.S. 519, 95 S.Ct. 1779 (1975)
Raley, Gordon. 1995. “The JJDP Act: A Second Look.” Juvenile Justice Journal, 2:11–18.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (1998). Juvenile Female Offender: A Status of the State’s Report https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/library/publications/juvenile-female-offenders-status-states-report
Feld, B.C. (2001). Race, youth violence, and the changing jurisprudence of waiver. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19(1), 3–22.
Steiner, B., Hemmens, C., & Bell, V. (2006). Legislative waiver reconsidered: General deterrent effects of statutory exclusion laws enacted post-1979. Justice Quarterly, 23(1), 34–50
Hemmens, S. & Bell, C. (2006). Legislative waiver reconsidered: General deterrent effects of statutory exclusion laws enacted Post 1990. Justice Quarterly, 23(1), p34–59
Sanborn, J. (2004). The adultification of youth. In P. Benekos & A. Merlo (Eds.), Controversies in juvenile justice and delinquency (pp. 143–164). Anderson Publishing
Burke, A. (2015). Trends of the time. An examination of judicial waiver in one state. Social Sciences, 4(3) p. 820–837. http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/4/3/820
Forman, J. and Vinson, K. (2022, April 20). The Superpredator Myth Did a Lot of Damage. Courts Are Beginning to See the Light. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/20/opinion/sunday/prison-sentencing-parole-justice.html
Rovner, Josh (2021). Juvenile Life without Parole; An Overview. The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/juvenile-life-without-parole/
Juvenile Life Without Parole (JLWOP). (2022, November 9). Juvenile Law Center. https://jlc.org/issues/juvenile-life-without-parole
Sickmund, M., & Puzzanchera, C. (2014). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: A National Report publication, https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/case.html
Hockenberry. (2022, February). Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2019. Juvenile Justice Statistics National Report Series Fact Sheet. https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/publications/delinquency-cases-2019.pdf
Burke, A. S. (2018). SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System—Simple Book Publishing. Pressbooks. https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ccj230/