9.7 References

Kaeble, D. (2021, December). Probation and Parole in the United States, 2020—Bureau of Justice . . . Probation and Parole in the United States, 2020. Retrieved July 2022, from https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/ppus20.pdf

Norman Ed.D., M. D., & Wadman, R. C. (2000, December). Probation department sentencing recommendations in two Utah counties. Office of Justice Programs. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/probation-department-sentencing-recommendations-two-utah-counties

Huberman, E. J., & Bonczar, T.P. (2014). Probation and Parole in the United States, 2013. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, October 2014, NCL 248029 http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ppus13.pdf

Petersilia, J. R., & Deschenes, E. (2004). Evaluating intensive supervision probation/parole (ISP) for drug offenders. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP168.htm

Parent, D. G. (2018). Research for practice: Correctional Boot Camps: Lessons from a decade of research. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, NCJ 197018 https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/197018.pdf

Wilson, D. B., MacKenzie, D. L., & Mitchell, F. N. (2005). Effects of correctional boot camps on offending. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 6, 1–42, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345744138_Effects_of_Correctional_Boot_Camps_on_Offending

Unknown (2022) Drug Courts. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, July 2022 NCJ 238527 https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/238527.pdf

Fluellen, R., & Trone, J. (2000). Do drug courts save jail and prison beds? The Vera Institute. https://www.vera.org/downloads/publications/IIB_Drug_courts.pdf

Evidence-based practices (EBP). National Institute of Corrections. (2022, August 26). Retrieved from https://nicic.gov/projects/evidence-based-practices-ebp

Lowenkamp, C.T., & Latessa, E.J. (2004). Residential community corrections and the risk principle: Lessons learned in Ohio. Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, Research Compendium, 2: 245–254.

Hughes, T., Wilson, D., & Beck, A. (2001). Trends in State Parole, 1990–2000. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Special Report, NCJ 184735 https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/tsp00.pdf

Callahan, L. A., Steadman, H. J., McGreevy, M. A., & Robbins, P. C. (1991). The Vol. and characteristics of insanity defense pleas: An eight-state study. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 19(4), 331–338.

Wright, P. (1995). Three strikes racks ‘em up. Journal of Prisoners on Prisons, 6(2), 3–6. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=162918

Meierhoefer, B. (1992). The general effect of mandatory minimum prison terms: A longitudinal study of federal sentences imposed. Federal Judicial Center. https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/GenEffMM.pdf

McKillop, M., & Boucher, A. (2018). Aging prison populations drive up costs. Older individuals have more chronic illnesses and other ailments that necessitate greater spending. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/02/20/aging-prison-populations-drive-up-costs

Jones, A. (2018). Correctional control 2018: Incarceration and supervision by state Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/correctionalcontrol2018.html#statedata

Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976)

Graves, Scott. “Many Californians in Prisons and Jails Have Mental Health Needs.” California Budget and Policy Center, December 21, 2021. https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/prisons-and-jails-have-mental-health-needs/.

Alper, M., Durose, M. R., & Markman, J. (2018). Update on prisoner recidivism: A nine-year follow-up period (2005–2014). U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/18upr9yfup0514.pdf

Carson, E. Ann. (2021). Mortality in Local Jails, 2000–2018-Statistical Tables. U.S. Department of Justice/Office of Justice Programs/Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 256002 https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mlj0018st.pdf

Townsend, Cheryln. “The Oregon Way: Responding to Mental Illness in Corrections.” International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology-IACFP, December 16, 2021. https://www.myiacfp.org/2021/12/16/the-oregon-way-responding-to-mental-illness-in-corrections/

U.S. Department of Education, Policy and Program Studies Service, “State and Local Expenditures on Corrections and Education”, July 2016, https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/other/expenditures-corrections-education/brief.pdf

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