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Detailed Outline

The following detailed outline lists the sequence of topics and sub-topics covered in each chapter. We hope that reviewing this sequence will help future educators who may wish to adapt parts of the textbook for a specific course or project. Please note that the Pressbooks Table of Contents offers a high-level outline of this sequence, whereas this detailed outline shows each subtopic. Content can also be located by keyword by searching this book (upper right).

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminology
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. What Is Criminology?
      1. Criminology Versus Criminal Justice
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for What Is Criminology?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. What Makes a Theory?
      1. Criteria for Criminological Theories
      2. Operational Definitions
      3. Variables and Spuriousness
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for What Makes a Theory?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Criminological Theories: Causes, Crimes, and Consequences
      1. Perspective and Interpretation in Criminological Theory
      2. Categorizing Criminological Theories
      3. Activity: Explaining the “Florida Man” with Different Paradigms
      4. History of Criminology
      5. From Research to Knowledge
      6. Check Your Knowledge
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Criminological Theories: Causes, Crimes, and Consequences
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. How Does a Crime Become a Crime?
      1. Learn More: When Texting Becomes A Crime
      2. The Creation of Laws
      3. Activity: Real and Ridiculous Federal and State Crimes
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for How Does a Crime Become a Crime?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. What Causes Crime?
      1. Activity: Criminogenic Factors and the Courts
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for What Causes Crime?
        1. Open Content, Original
    7. Conclusion
      1. Activity: Human Statistic by Sterling Cunio
        1. Human Statistic
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    8. References
  2. Chapter 2: Measuring Crime
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Opent Content, Shared Previously
    2. Current Crime Categories
      1. Check Your Knowledge
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Current Crime Categories
        1. Open Content, Original
    3. Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Report
      1. Activity: Local Crime Rates
      2. National Incident-Based Reporting System
      3. Hate Crime Statistics Data Collection
      4. Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted
      5. National Use-of-Force Data Collection
      6. Law Enforcement Suicide Data Collection
      7. Limitations and Challenges
      8. Learn More: Examples of What the Data Really Tells Us
      9. Check Your Knowledge
      10. Licenses and Attributions for Sources of Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Report
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Crime Victimization Survey
      1. Challenges and Limitations
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Crime Victimization Survey
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. The Dark Figure of Crime
      1. Why Crimes Go Unreported
      2. Activity: Janell and Martin
      3. Which Data Should We Use?
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for the Dark Figure of Crime
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Misusing Crime Statistics
      1. Learn More: The Myth of the Super-Predator
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Misusing Crime Statistics
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    7. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    8. References
  3. Chapter 3: Origins of Criminology
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Pre-Classical Justice and the Birth of Criminology
      1. The Field of Criminology
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Pre-Classical Justice and the Birth of Criminology
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Classical School of Criminology
      1. Cesare Beccaria and Deterrence Theory
      2. Jeremy Bentham and Rational Choice Theory
      3. Activity: Linking Rational Choice Theory and Policy
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Classical School of Criminology
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Positive School of Criminology
      1. Developing Crime Statistics
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Positive School of Criminology
        1. Open Content, Original
    5. Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
      1. Resurgence of the Classical School
      2. Testing Deterrence
      3. Testing Rational Choice
      4. Routine Activity Theory
      5. Impact on Policy
      6. Learn More: Does D.A.R.E. Deter Drug Use?
      7. Activity: Routine Activity Theory in Modern America
      8. Check Your Knowledge
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    7. References
  4. Chapter 4: Biological and Psychological Understandings of Criminal Behavior
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Crime in the Brain
      1. Craniometry and Phrenology
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Crime in the Brain
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. Crime in the Body
      1. Learn More: Degeneracy in the Family Tree
      2. Lombroso and Born Criminals
      3. Sheldon and Somatotyping
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Crime in the Body
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. Crime in the Mind
      1. Bandura and Criminal Modeling
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Crime in the Mind
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Crime and Intelligence
      1. IQ, Criminality, and Racism
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Crime and Intelligence
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Eugenics as Crime Policy
      1. Learn More: Is Crime Really Abnormal?
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Eugenics as Crime Policy
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    7. Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
      1. Mental Illness and Crime
      2. Biology and Crime
      3. Activity: Policy Case Study—Adam Lanza
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    8. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    9. References
  5. Chapter 5: Social Structural and Strain Theories
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
    2. The Social Structure
      1. Learn More: Attacking the Capital
      2. Durkheim and Anomie
      3. Strain Theories
        1. Merton’s Adaptations
      4. Activity: Kai and Adaptations to Strain
        1. Agnew’s General Strain Theory
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for the Social Structure
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. The Chicago School
      1. Shaw and McKay’s Social Disorganization Theory
      2. Learn More: Does Social Disorganization Theory Work Outside of the City?
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for The Chicago School
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
      1. Check Your Knowledge
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    6. References
  6. Chapter 6: Social Learning, Interactionist, and Subcultural Theories
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Crime as Learned Behavior
      1. Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory
      2. Burgess and Akers’ Social Learning Theory
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Crime as Learned Behavior
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Can Societal Reaction to Crime Cause More Crime?
      1. Learn More: Conforming to Criminality
      2. Labeling Theory
      3. Activity: Rosenhan on Being Sane in Insane Places
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Can Societal Reaction to Crime Cause More Crime?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved
    4. Subcultural Theories of Crime
      1. Deviating From the Dominant Culture
      2. The Subculture of Violence and Cultural Deviance Theory
      3. The Code of the Streets
      4. Activity: Exploring Anderson’s Code of the Street
      5. Gangs as Delinquent Subcultures
      6. Check Your Knowledge
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Subcultural Theories of Crime
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
      1. Check Your Knowledge
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Modern Application: How is it Relevant Now?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    7. References
  7. Chapter 7: Social Control and Life Course Theories
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Why Don’t People Commit Crime?
      1. Containment Theory
      2. Social Control Theory
      3. General Theory of Crime
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Why Don’t People Commit Crime?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. Why Do People Stop Committing Crime?
      1. The Age-Crime Curve
      2. Activity: Applying Techniques of Neutralization
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Why Do People Stop Committing Crime?
        1. Open Content, Original
    4. Developmental and Life Course Perspective
      1. Learn More: Celebrity Case Studies
      2. Sampson and Laub’s Age-Graded Theory
      3. Moffitt’s Dual Taxonomy of Antisocial Behavior
      4. Activity: Applying the Developmental Life Course Perspective to Your Life
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Developmental and Life Course Perspective
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Theory Integration
      1. Learn More: Restorative Justice as a Theory of Justice
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Theory Integration
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
      1. Check Your Knowledge
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Modern Application: How Is It Relevant Now?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Previously Shared
    7. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    8. References
  8. Chapter 8: Critical and Feminist Approaches to Criminology
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Critical Criminology
      1. The Origins of Critical Criminology
      2. Conflict Theory
      3. Learn More: Overrepresentation of Youth of Color with Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System
      4. Theorizing About Crimes of the Powerful
      5. Activity: What Counts as a State Crime?
      6. Police and Prison Abolition
      7. Check Your Knowledge
      8. Licenses and Attributions for Critical Criminology
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Feminist Criminology
      1. Activity: Intersectionality and Understanding Identity
      2. Female Delinquency
      3. Applying the Feminist Perspective: Control-Balance Theory
      4. Learn More: Canada’s Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG)
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Feminist Criminology
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved
    4. Conclusion
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Discussion Questions and Supplemental Resources
        1. Discussion Questions
        2. Supplemental Resources
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. References
  9. Chapter 9: The Future of Criminology
    1. Chapter Introduction
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Introduction
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Continuing and Emerging Crime and Victimization Topics
      1. Mass Murder
      2. Learn More: Mass Shootings in America
        1. Supplemental Resources
      3. Crime and Media
      4. Activity: Serial Murder in the Media
        1. Supplemental Resources
      5. Gender-Based Violence
      6. Learn More: Gender-Based Hate Crimes
        1. Supplemental Resources
      7. Cybercrime
      8. Activity: Deepfake Pornography
        1. Supplemental Resources
      9. Check Your Knowledge
      10. Licenses and Attributions for Continuing and Emerging Crime and Victimization Topics
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Subfields and Specializations within Criminology
      1. Victimology
        1. Supplemental Resources
      2. Green Criminology
        1. Supplemental Resources
      3. Rural Criminology
      4. Learn More: Legal Deserts
        1. Supplemental Resources
      5. Queer Criminology
        1. Supplemental Resources
      6. Convict Criminology
        1. Supplemental Resources
      7. Space Law and Criminology
        1. Supplemental Resources
      8. Check Your Knowledge
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Subfields and Specializations within Criminology
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions
      2. License and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    5. References

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Introduction to Criminology: An Equity Lens Copyright © by Jessica René Peterson and Taryn VanderPyl is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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