Module 1: Order of Operations

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. °F
26. °C

Module 2: Negative Numbers

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. °F
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. undefined
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 

Module 3: Decimals

If you’ve seen Modules 5 & 6, don’t worry about accuracy or precision on these exercises.

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. per month
24. miles per hour

Module 4: Fractions

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. undefined
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. at least questions
16. 
17. 
18. scoops
19. A requires cup more than B
20. of the pizza
21. more
22. inches combined
23. inches difference
24. combined
25. more
26. 
27. 
28. or
29. or
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. cup

Module 5: Accuracy and Significant Figures

1. exact value
2. approximation
3. exact value
4. approximation
5. exact value
6. approximation
7. three significant figures
8. four significant figures
9. five significant figures
10. two significant figures
11. three significant figures
12. four significant figures
13. two significant figures; the actual value could be anywhere between and
14. three significant figures; the actual value could be anywhere between and
15. four significant figures; the actual value could be anywhere between and
16. five significant figures; the actual value could be anywhere between and
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 

Module 6: Precision and GPE

1. thousands
2. hundreds
3. tens
4. thousandths
5. ten thousandths
6. hundred thousandths
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. lb
14. lb
15. 
16. 
17. thousands place; the nearest people
18. people
19. hundred thousandths place; the nearest in
20. in
21. hundredths place; the nearest mil
22. mil
23. miles
24. ones place; the nearest mile
25. mi
26. ones place; the nearest minute
27. min
28. two sig figs
29. three sig figs
30. mi/hr
31. When dividing, we must round the result based on the accuracy; i.e., the number of significant figures.

Module 7: Formulas

1. (oops—the print edition says )
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. representatives
7. representatives
8. representatives
9. electoral votes
10. electoral votes
11. electoral votes
12. °F; the official record high in the city was 116°F.
13. °C
14. °F
15. °C
16. mm Hg
17. around mm Hg
18. in
19. in
20. yes
21. no; too large
22. no; too small
23. yes

Module 8: Perimeter and Circumference

1. ft
2. cm
3. cm
4. ft
5. ft
6. ft
7. in
8. cm (the print textbook says cm, which implies only one sig fig…)
9. in
10. cm
11. ft
12. m

Module 9: Percents Part 1

Module 10: Ratios, Rates, Proportions

1. 
2. 
3. or miles per hour
4. /oz, or ¢/oz
   

   

5. /oz, or ¢/oz
6. /oz, or ¢/oz
7. ; true
8. ; false
9. ; true
10. ; false
11. ; false
12. ; true
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. miles
20. hours
21. miles (rounding to one sig fig seems like a good idea here)
22. pixels wide

Module 11: Scientific Notation

1. Earth’s mass is larger because it’s a -digit number and Mars’ mass is a -digit number, but it might take a lot of work counting the zeros to be sure.
2. Earth’s mass is about ten times larger, because the power of is higher than that of Mars.
3. A chlorine atom’s radius is larger because it has zeros before the significant digits begin, but a hydrogen atom’s radius has zeros before the significant digits begin. As above, counting the zeros is a pain in the neck.
4. The chlorine atom has a larger radius because its power of is higher than that of the hydrogen atom. (Remember that is larger than because is farther to the right on a number line.)
5. ;
6. ;
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. people per square mile
20. people per square mile
21. the proton’s mass is roughly or times larger
22. ;
23. ;
24. ;
25. per person

Module 12: Percents Part 2 and Error Analysis

1. or
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. or
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. or
10. grams of added sugars is the recommended daily intake for a calorie diet.
11. increase
12. sales tax
13. decrease
14. decrease
15. 
16. 
17. g; g
18. 
19. g; g
20. 

Module 13: The US Measurement System

We generally won’t worry about significant figures in these answers; we’ll probably say “ miles” even if “ miles” is technically correct.

1. in
2. ft
3. in
4. yd
5. ft or ft in
6. yd
7. mi
8. yd
9. oz
10. lb
11. 18.75 lb
12. oz
13. fl oz
14. pt
15. pt
16. c
17. gal
18. fl oz
19. lb oz
20. c fl oz
21. ft in
22. t lb
23. lb or lb oz combined
24. lb oz heavier
25. ft in combined
26. ft in longer

Module 14: The Metric System

1. m
2. cm
3. km
4. m
5. cm
6. mm
7. cm
8. mm
9. m
10. cm
11. m
12. cm
13. km
14. dam
15. g
16. kg
17. mg
18. kg
19. g
20. mg
21. cg
22. mg
23. kg
24. cg
25. g
26. L
27. mL
28. L
29. dL
30. mL
31. L
32. they are equal in size
33. about to
34. bottles; this is easier if you know that a 500-milliliter bottle of Mexican Coke is called a medio litro.
    

    

Module 15: Converting Between Systems

We may round some of these answers to three significant figures even if the given number has fewer than three sig figs. On the other hand, you’ll see that some of these answers include a critique of a manufacturer’s decision to round numbers a certain way.

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. yes, according to the conversion, but is it really to begin with? Rounding the result to or seems reasonable.
5. in converts to around cm, and cm converts to around in. It looks like somebody used the conversion , which is fine if you’re estimating but not if you’re going to report a number to three sig figs.
6. not exactly but they’re pretty close; the error is around . (oops—the print edition says )
7. yes; using either conversion gives a result of kg, rounded to the nearest tenth. However, it doesn’t make sense for this to be accurate to four sig figs. It would be best to round to or perhaps even kg.
8. not exactly; using 1 kg lb gives a result of kg, and using 1 lb kg gives a result of kg. Again, the accuracy here doesn’t make sense, especially when you consider that the numbers on the box don’t agree with each other: .
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. about
14. about
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. no matter which conversion you use, the result should round to liters.
19. a bit less than
20. 

Module 16: Other Conversions

We will generally round these answers to three significant figures; your answer may be slightly different depending on which conversion ratio you used.

1. min; if you’re familiar with the musical Rent, then you already knew the answer.
2. this is roughly years, which is indeed possible
3. km/hr
4. mi/hr
5. mi/hr
6. mi in min
7. min
8. mi/gal
9. gal/mi
10. gal in min
11. the capacity increased by a factor of
12. times greater
13. watts per home, or kilowatts per home (oops—the print edition says megawatts)
14. watt per gallon
15. times more powerful
16. ms, ms, ms; μs, μs, μs
17. the ratio of the wavelengths of red and infrared is to ;
    the ratio of the wavelengths of infrared and red is around to
18. this is equivalent to chest x-rays

Module 17: Angles

1. right angle
2. obtuse angle
3. reflexive angle
4. straight angle
5. acute angle
6. ; ;
7. 
8. 
9. each
10. each
11. each
12. ; ;
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 

Module 18: Triangles

1. right isosceles triangle
2. obtuse scalene triangle
3. acute equilateral triangle (yes, an equilateral triangle will always be acute)
4. 
5. ; 
6. 
7. 
8. this is a right triangle, because .
9. this is not a right triangle, because .
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 

Module 19: Area of Polygons and Circles

We may occasionally include extra sig figs in these answers so you can be sure that your answer matches ours.

Module 20: Composite Figures

1. 
2. 
3. ; the area of the rectangle is and the areas of the triangles are and .
4. ; hey, that’s what we got for #3!
5. 
6. 
7. Based on the stated measurements, the distance around the track will be 401 meters, which appears to be 1 meter too long. In real life, precision would be very important here, and you might ask for the measurements to be given to the nearest tenth of a meter.
8. around
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. (oops—the print edition says )
13. around (Hint: Make up an easy number for the side of the square, like 2 or 10.)
14. around (Hint: The diagonals of the square are equal to the circle’s diameter.)

Module 21: Converting Units of Area

We may occasionally include extra sig figs in these answers so that you can be sure that your answer matches ours.

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. , rounded to two sig figs
15. 
16. , rounded to three sig figs
17. 
18. 
19. to ; if we double the linear measurement, we get four times the area.
20. 
21. 
22. to ; if we triple the linear measurement, we get nine times the area.

Module 22: Surface Area of Common Solids

Module 23: Area of Regular Polygons

All answers have been given to two or three significant figures.

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. (the area of the circle and the area of the hexagon is )

Module 24: Volume of Common Solids

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. or
10. (the cylinder’s volume and the hemisphere’s volume .)
11. (the cylinder’s volume and the two hemispheres’ combined volume )
12. , which is more than .

Module 25: Converting Units of Volume

1. the result is very close to cubic yard:
2. this estimate is also cubic yard:
3. around gallons
4. yes, the can is able to hold fluid ounces; the can’s volume is roughly .
5. gallons
6. around to liters; a calculator says liters which should technically be rounded up to liters, but it would be reasonable to round down to liters instead if you considered the volume of the benches and the fact that the sides might slope inwards near the bottom of the tub.
7. the rectangular section of the carton has a volume of liters, which is larger than the required .
8. high
   

   

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. ; assuming that it’s , these measures are equivalent to two sig figs.
16. 
17. ; now you can laugh whenever you see someone in a heist movie load a cheap duffel bag with gold bars and carry it out of the vault.
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. to
22. 
23. 
24. to

Module 26: Pyramids and Cones

1. 
2. 
3. ;
4. 
5. (if we had greater accuracy, the result would be 314.16 because it’s 100 times .)
6. 
7. ;
8. ;

Module 27: Percents Part 3

1. 
2. students; notice that if the percent had fewer than five sig figs, we wouldn’t have been able to get an answer that was accurate to the nearest whole number.
3. Yes, you can! Each bottle cost .
   

   

4. million
5. people
6. ; the percent has only two sig figs, so it doesn’t make sense to assume that the price was . They probably rounded the percent from to make the numbers in the advertisement seems less complicated.

Module 28: Mean, Median, Mode

1. 
2. 
3. (because it is the seventh value in the list of thirteen)
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. the median is more representative because the mean is higher than five of the six home values.
10. (because it appears four times in the list)
11. no mode (there are no repeated values)
12. AT&T Mobility
13. Samoas and Thin Mints
14. games
15. games
16. games
17. they all represent the data fairly well; wins represents a typical Patriots season.
18. games
19. games
20. games
21. they all represent the data fairly well; or wins represents a typical Bills season.
22. grams; the mean doesn’t seem to represent a typical clementine because there is a group of smaller ones (from to grams) and a group of larger ones (from to grams) with none in the middle.
23. grams; for the same reason, the median doesn’t represent a typical clementine, but you could say it helps split the clementines into a lighter group and a heavier group.
24. no mode; too many values appear twice.
25. grams; this is a small increase over the previous mean.
26. grams; the median does not change when one of the highest numbers increases.
27. grams; you might say it represents the mass of a typical large clementine, but it doesn’t represent the entire group.

Module 29: Probability

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. we should expect copies to be acceptable
21. 
22. we should expect tax returns to have errors
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 

Module 30: Standard Deviation

1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. because
8. lb because this is halfway between and lb
9. lb because lb and lb encompasses of the data
10. ;
11. ;
12. You would not have predicted this from the data because it is more than two standard deviations below the mean, so there would be a roughly chance of this happening randomly. In fact, is slightly larger than , so this is more than three standard deviations below the mean, making it even more unlikely. (You might have predicted that the Patriots would get worse when Tom Brady left them for Tampa Bay, but you wouldn’t have predicted only wins based on the previous nineteen years of data.)
13. ;
14. You would not predict this from the data because it is more than two standard deviations above the mean, so there would be a roughly chance of this happening randomly. In fact, , so this is more than three standard deviations above the mean, making it even more unlikely. This increased win total is partly due to external forces (i.e., the Patriots becoming weaker and losing two games to the Bills) but even wins would have been a bold prediction, let alone .
15. ;
16. The trouble with making predictions about the Broncos is that their standard deviation is so large. You could choose any number between and wins and be within the interval. , so this is around standard deviations below the mean, which makes it not very unusual. Whereas the Patriots and Bills are more consistent, the Broncos’ win totals fluctuate quite a bit and are therefore more unpredictable.

Module 31: Right Triangle Trigonometry

1. the adjacent side is e, the opposite side is f, and the hypotenuse is d.
2. the adjacent side is x, the opposite side is y, and the hypotenuse is r.
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. the wire is approximately long
22. , which is roughly
23. No; , so the puck will hit the fabric over 1 foot away from the center of the hole. (The person in the photo was given a bunch of pucks and 30 seconds to score, but he scored on his first shot. Boston Bruins at Vancouver Canucks, February 24, 2024.)
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. ;
33. angle of elevation
34. Yes; , which is less than .
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. All three answers are the same rounded to three significant figures. This is true because we rounded to the nearest tenth; if we had rounded it to instead of , we would have decreased the accuracy of #36 & #37 to only two sig figs and the three results all would have been slightly different.
40. 
41. 

Module 32: Slope

1. , ,
2. , ,
3. , ,
4. , ,
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. from vertical. (this would be an angle of depression of .)
13. ; the proportion gives a result of exactly .
    Using the result from #7, the equation gives a result very close to .

Module 33: Non-Right Triangle Trigonometry

1. 
2. ; 
3. ;
4. the shorter wire is roughly feet; the longer wire is roughly feet.
   

   

5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. the distance across the pond is roughly meters.
11. ; ;

Module 34: Radian Measure