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Detailed Outline

The following detailed outline lists the sequence of topics and sub-topics covered in each chapter. We hope that reviewing this sequence will help future educators who may wish to adapt parts of the textbook for a specific course or project. Please note that the Pressbooks Table of Contents offers a high-level outline of this sequence, whereas this detailed outline shows each subtopic. Content can also be located by keyword by searching this book (upper right).

  1. Chapter 1: Thinking Sociologically: Race and Ethnicity in U.S. Society
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Chapter Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. What You Need to Know Before Reading This Book
      1. Learn More: Understanding Social Location, Voting Patterns, Elections, and Public Policy
      2. Introduction
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for What You Need to Know Before Reading This Book
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. What is the Sociological Perspective?
      1. Social Institutions
      2. Learn More: Negative Social Forces and Social Change
      3. The Sociological Imagination
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for What is the Sociological Perspective?
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. The History and Meaning of Race
      1. Activity: Changing Demographics and White Nationalism
      2. Race as Social Construction
      3. Learn More: Susie Guillory Phipps and Racial Labels
      4. Ethnicity
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for The History and Meaning of Race
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Colonialism and Race
      1. Social Construction of Whiteness
      2. White Privilege
      3. Learn More: D.C. Makes It A Crime To Wear Masks, So Why Was A Group of White Nationalists Able To?
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Colonialism and Race
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    7. References
  2. Chapter 2: Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. What is Prejudice?
      1. Activity: The Impact of Stereotypes
      2. Theories of Prejudice
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for What is Prejudice?
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. Racism
      1. Learn More: Ahmaud Arbery’s Murder Fueled by Racism
      2. Interpersonal and Everyday Racism
      3. Perceived Reverse Racism
      4. Learn More: Fear of a Brown Planet
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Racism
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. What is Discrimination?
      1. History of Legal Racial Discrimination
      2. Challenging Segregation and the Changing Nature of Prejudice
      3. Systemic Racism and Connections to Criminal Justice
      4. Learn More: Philando Castile
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for What is Discrimination?
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    6. References
  3. Chapter 3: Racialized Socialization and Racialized Social Control
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Socialization
      1. Agents of Socialization
      2. Racialized Socialization
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Socialization
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. Social Control and Sanctions
      1. Racialized Social Control
      2. Learn More: “White Caller Crime”
      3. Exclusionary Laws
      4. Learn More: Federal Government Builds White Suburbia
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Social Control and Sanctions
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Intergroup Relations and Intergroup Conflict
      1. Genocide
      2. Population Transfer or Expulsion
      3. Internal Colonialism
      4. Segregation: De Facto and De Jure
      5. Cultural Assimilation
      6. Activity: The Social Impact of Textbooks and Curriculum
      7. Check Your Knowledge
      8. Licenses and Attributions for Intergroup Relations and Intergroup Conflict
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Modern-Day Racialized Social Control
      1. Learn More: Watts Rebellion or Watts Riot and the National Guard
      2. Black Panther Party
      3. Learn More: The Legacies of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark
      4. Gun Control
      5. Mass Incarceration
      6. Learn More: Private Prisons and Incarceration of Latinx Immigrants
      7. New Jim Crow
      8. Juan Crow Laws
      9. Check Your Knowledge
      10. Licenses and Attributions for Modern-Day Racialized Social Control
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    7. References
  4. Chapter 4: Theories of Race and Crime
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    2. Theory in Social Research
      1. Different Types of Theories
      2. Activity: Should We Raise the Minimum Wage?
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Theory in Social Research
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Understanding Race and Crime: Biological and Psychological Explanations
      1. Learn More: Historical Connections Regarding Curriculum Control
      2. IQ, Criminality, and Racism
      3. Learn More: Eugenics as Crime Policy
      4. Personality Theory
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Understanding Race and Crime: Biological and Psychological Explanations
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Understanding Race and Crime: Sociological Paradigms
      1. The Importance of Intersectionality
      2. Critical Race Theory
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Understanding Race and Crime: Sociological Paradigms
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Understanding Race and Crime: Criminological Theories
      1. Strain Theory
      2. Learn More: Redlining and Its Impact on Communities of Color
      3. General Strain Theory
      4. Social Disorganization Theory
      5. Status Frustration Theory
      6. Subculture Theory
      7. Subculture of Violence Theory
      8. Code of the Streets
      9. Check Your Knowledge
      10. Licenses and Attributions for Understanding Race and Crime: Criminological Theories
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    7. References
  5. Chapter 5: Policing in America
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. The History and Evolution of American Policing
      1. Early American Police
      2. Policing “Separate but Equal”
      3. Policing the Civil Rights Movement
        1. Voting rights and police violence
        2. LGBTQIA+ rights and police violence
      4. Police as Soldiers in the War on Drugs
      5. Policing the Southern Border
      6. Check Your Knowledge
      7. Licenses and Attributions for The History and Evolution of American Policing
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Police Discretion
      1. Implicit Bias and Discrimination
      2. Activity: Konerak Sinthasomphone: Dahmer’s Youngest Victim
      3. Differential Patterns in Police Encounters
      4. Over-Policing and Under-Policing
      5. Corruption
      6. Check Your Knowledge
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Police Discretion
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Police Training and Culture
      1. Police Officer Demographics
      2. Police Culture and Representation
      3. Initiatives for Working with Diverse Populations
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Police Training and Culture
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Current Events and Trends
      1. Public Perceptions of Police
      2. Excessive Force and Police Brutality
      3. Learn More: List of High-Profile Fatalities Involving Police and the Black Community, 2010–Present*
      4. Reform, Defund, or Abolish?
      5. Police Accountability
      6. Activity: Dontre Hamilton and the Milwaukee Police Department
      7. Check Your Knowledge
      8. Licenses and Attributions for Current Events and Trends
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    7. References
  6. Chapter 6: Racial Justice in Rural Communities
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content Shared Previously
    2. What Is “Rural?”
      1. Why Are We Talking About Rural Spaces?
      2. Underrepresentation of Rural People of Color and Places
      3. Activity: Measurement History and Challenges
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for What Is “Rural?”
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved
    3. Media Representations of Rural
      1. Activity: Do You Live in a News Desert?
      2. The American Western
      3. Objectification and “Horrification” of the Rural
      4. The Truth About Rural America and Rural Justice
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Media Representations of Rural
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved
    4. Rural Black America
      1. The “Black Belt” and Appalachia
      2. Activity: Black by God
      3. Racism in Rural Communities
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Rural Black America
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Migration and Immigration to Rural America
      1. Rural Hispanic and Latinx Populations
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Migration and Immigration to Rural America
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Indigenous Populations in Rural America
      1. Activity: The MMIW Movement
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Indigenous Populations In Rural America
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    7. Issues of Racial and Ethnic Justice in Rural Spaces Across the Globe
      1. Indigeneity in Rural Australia and Canada
      2. Violence and Sexual Abuse in Rural India and Africa
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Issues of Racial and Ethnic Justice in Rural Spaces Across the Globe
    8. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  7. Chapter 7: Punishment and Racialized Responses to Crime
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. The Criminal Legal System
      1. Check Your Knowledge
      2. Licenses and Attributions for The Criminal Legal System
    3. The Racist History of Crime and Punishment
      1. Great Migration and White Flight
      2. Slavery Exception Clause
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for The Racist History of Crime and Punishment
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. The Role of Mass Media in Crime and Punishment
      1. Learn More: Willie Horton and the Politics of Fear
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for The Role of Mass Media in Crime and Punishment
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Paths Through the Justice System: The Court System
      1. Recognizance, Arraignment, Bail, and Bargaining
      2. Plea Bargaining Strategies
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Sentencing Disparities
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Paths Through the Justice System: The Court System
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved
    6. Paths Through the Justice System: Corrections
      1. Probation
      2. Prison Experiences
      3. Accessing Parole
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Paths Through the Justice System: Corrections
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    7. Reentry and Recidivism
      1. Activity: When Does the Punishment End?
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Reentry and Recidivism
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    8. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  8. Chapter 8: The Racialization of Juveniles for “Justice”
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Chapter Overview
      2. Learning Objectives
      3. Key Terms
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Disproportionate Representation in Juvenile Justice
      1. Learn More: School Resource Officers and Students of Color
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Disproportionate Representation in Juvenile Justice
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. History of the Juvenile Justice System
      1. Becoming a Juvenile Delinquent
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for History of the Juvenile Justice System
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. Before Juvenile Justice System Contact
      1. School-to-Prison Pipeline
      2. Risk Factors for Delinquency
      3. Check Your Knowledge
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Before Juvenile Justice System Contact
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. During Juvenile Justice System Involvement
      1. Juvenile Corrections Facilities
      2. Age of Criminal Responsibility
      3. Juvenile Life Sentences
      4. Learn More: JLWOP and Lionel Tate
      5. Juveniles and the Death Penalty
      6. Check Your Knowledge
      7. Licenses and Attributions for During Juvenile Justice System Involvement
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. After Juvenile Justice System Involvement
      1. Check Your Knowledge
      2. Licenses and Attributions for After Juvenile Justice System Involvement
        1. Open Content, Original
    7. Reforming the Juvenile Justice System
      1. Learn More: Restorative Justice at Work
      2. Check Your Knowledge
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Reforming the Juvenile Justice System
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    8. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    9. References
  9. Chapter 9: Racism, Drug Policy, and the Criminal Justice System
    1. Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. The Racist History of Drug Policy in the United States
      1. Racist Roots of Drug Policies
      2. Drug Courts
      3. The New Jim Crow
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for The Racist History of Drug Policy in the United States
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. The War on Drugs
      1. Learn More: When Selling Drugs May Be the Best Option
      2. The War on Drugs as a War on People of Color
      3. Learn More: Carl Hart and Understanding How Social Environments Cause Drug Use
      4. Mass Incarceration and the War on Drugs
      5. The “Crack Baby” Epidemic
      6. Check Your Knowledge
      7. Licenses and Attributions for The War on Drugs
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. The Opioid Crisis and Race
      1. The War on Drugs During the Opioid Crisis
      2. Overdose Deaths and Race
      3. Learn More: The Crimes of the Sackler Family
      4. Check Your Knowledge
      5. Licenses and Attributions for The Opioid Crisis and Race
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Drug Policy Reform and Liberatory Harm Reduction
      1. Questioning Harm Reduction
      2. Legalization of Cannabis
      3. Equity and Cannabis Industry Participation
      4. Learn More: Measure 110 in Oregon
      5. Check Your Knowledge
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Drug Policy Reform and Liberatory Harm Reduction
        1. Open Content, Shared Previously
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Conclusion
      1. Discussion Questions and Chapter Resources
        1. Discussion questions
        2. Chapter resources
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
    7. References

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Race, Crime and Injustice Copyright © by Shanell Sanchez, PhD and Jessica René Peterson, PhD is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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