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Additional Resources

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Detailed Outline

The following detailed outline lists the sequence of topics and subtopics covered in each chapter. We hope that reviewing this sequence will help future educators who may wish to adapt parts of the textbook for a specific course or project. Please note that the Pressbooks Table of Contents offers a high-level outline of this sequence, whereas this detailed outline shows each subtopic. Content can also be located by keyword by searching this book (upper right).

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. What Is Sociology?
      1. Social Facts
      2. Sociological Perspective
      3. Activity: Understanding the Sociological Imagination
      4. Licenses and Attributions for What Is Sociology?
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Examining Diversity
      1. Representations of Diversity at the Round-Up: Race and Gender
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Examining Diversity
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Levels of Analysis: Macro Level and Micro Level
      1. Structure, Institutions, and Agency
        1. The Interconnections between the Round-Up and Social Institutions
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Levels of Analysis: Macro Level and Micro Level
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    5. Why Study Sociology?
      1. To Build a Better Society
      2. To Understand Everyday Experiences
      3. Activity: Discovering Sociology
      4. To Connect Our Differences
      5. To Prepare for the Workplace
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Why Study Sociology?
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Sociology’s Real-World Applications
      1. Learn More
      2. Activity: Intersections of Gender, Race, and Health
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Sociology’s Real-World Applications
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Additional Resources
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    8. Chapter References
  2. Chapter 2: The History of Sociology and Social Theory
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. History of Sociology
      1. Precursors to Sociological Theory
        1. Ibn Khaldun (Present Day Tunisia, 1332–1406)
        2. José Rizal (Philippines, 1861–1896)
        3. Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati (India, 1858–1922)
      2. Europe and the Enlightenment
        1. Industrial Revolution
        2. Imperialism and Colonialism
      3. Licenses and Attributions for History of Sociology
        1. Open Content, Original
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    3. Creating a Discipline: European Theorists
      1. Positivism and Social Science: Auguste Comte (France, 1798–1857)
      2. Capitalism and Morals: Harriet Martineau (England, 1802–1876)
      3. Class and Conflict: Karl Marx (Germany, 1818–1883)
      4. Activity: Marx and Mario
      5. Science and Religion: Émile Durkheim (France, 1858–1917)
      6. The Protestant Ethic and Rationality: Max Weber (Germany, 1864–1920)
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Creating a Discipline: European Theorists
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    4. Applying the Discipline: American Theorists and Practitioners
      1. Race in America: W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)
      2. A Closer Look: Du Bois and Double Consciousness
      3. Meaning-Making and Interaction in the City: The Chicago School of Sociology
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Applying the Discipline: American Theorists and Practitioners
        1. Open Content, Original
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    5. Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
      1. Structural Functionalism
      2. Conflict Theory
      3. Symbolic Interactionism
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
        1. Open Content, Original
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    6. Social Theory Today
      1. Postmodern Theory
      2. Postcolonial Theory
      3. Feminist Theory
      4. Activity: Feminism and Pizza
        1. Black Feminist Theory and Intersectionality
      5. Critical Theories of Race
      6. A Closer Look: Attacks on Critical Race Theory
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Social Theory Today
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    8. Chapter References
  3. Chapter 3: Sociological Research Methods: Studying Social Life
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    2. The Scientific Method and Sociological Research
      1. Developing a Research Question
      2. The Steps of the Scientific Method
        1. Step 1: Identify a Social Issue/Find a Research Topic and Ask a Question
        2. Step 2: Review the Literature/Research Existing Sources
        3. Step 3: Formulate a Hypothesis
        4. Step 4: Select a Research Method and Design a Study
        5. Step 5: Collect Data
        6. Step 6: Analyze the Data
        7. Step 7: Report Findings
      3. Licenses and Attributions for the Scientific Method and Sociological Research
        1. Open Content, Original
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    3. Frameworks Shaping Sociological Research
      1. Interpretive Framework
      2. Grounded Theory
      3. Critical Sociology
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Frameworks Shaping Sociological Research
        1. Open Content, Original
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    4. Research Methods
      1. Qualitative, Quantitative, or Mixed Methodology in Social Science Research
      2. Evaluating Research Methodologies
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Research Methods
        1. Open Content, Original
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    5. Quantitative Research Methods
      1. Surveys
      2. Activity: A Closer Look at Causation and Correlation
      3. Experiments
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Quantitative Research Methods
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Qualitative Research Methods Part 1
      1. Ethnography
        1. Participant Observation
        2. Autoethnography
        3. Institutional Ethnography
        4. International Research
      2. A Closer Look: Indigenous Knowledge and Decolonizing Research Methods
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Qualitative Research Methods Part 1
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Qualitative Research Methods Part 2
      1. Interviews
      2. Secondary Data Analysis
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Qualitative Research Methods Part 2
        1. Open Content, Original
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    8. Community-Based Research
      1. Community-Based Research and Participatory Action Research
      2. Activity: A Closer Look at Participatory Research
      3. Research in the Community
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Community-Based Research
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    9. Ethics
      1. ASA Code of Ethics
      2. Unethical Studies
        1. The Tuskegee Experiment
        2. Henrietta Lacks
        3. Milgram Experiment
        4. Laud Humphreys
        5. Ethics in International Research
      3. Activity: A Closer Look at Research Ethics
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Ethics
        1. Open Content, Original
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    10. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Additional Resources
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    11. Chapter References
  4. Chapter 4: Socialization and Interaction
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Social Construction of Reality
      1. Human Interaction and Institutions
      2. Constructionism and Cross-Cultural Comparisons
      3. Activity: Gender and the Social Construction of Beauty
      4. Symbolic Interactionism
      5. Activity: Ethnomethodology and TikTok
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Social Construction of Reality
        1. Open Content, Original
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    3. Theories of Self and Identity
      1. Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self
      2. Mead and the Stages of Self-Development
      3. W. E. B. Du Bois and the Double Consciousness
      4. Activity: Race and Double Consciousness: Examining Representations within Media
      5. Goffman and the Presentation of Self
      6. Identity Theory
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Theories of Self and Identity
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Sociology of Emotions
      1. Emotion Work
      2. Surface and Deep Acting
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Sociology of Emotions
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Socialization
      1. Recent Developments in the Study of Socialization
      2. Agents of Socialization
      3. Socialization as a Life-Long Process
      4. A Closer Look: The Impact of Socialization on Domestic Violence
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Socialization
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objective
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    7. Chapter References
  5. Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Types of Groups
      1. In-Groups and Out-Groups
      2. Reference Groups
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Types of Groups
        1. Open Content, Original
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    3. Group Size and Structure
      1. Authority and Group Leadership
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Group Size and Structure
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. Networks
      1. Understanding Social Networks
      2. Activity: Networks and Finding a Job
      3. Network Homophily
      4. Social Capital
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Networks
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Organizations
      1. Types of Organizations
      2. For-Profit, Public, and Nonprofit Organizations
      3. International Organizations
      4. Organizational Structure: Bureaucracy and Collectivism
      5. Organizational Isomorphism
      6. A Closer Look: Racialized Organizations
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Organizations
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    7. Chapter References
  6. Chapter 6: Sociology of Culture
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. What Is Culture?
      1. Humanities
      2. Social Sciences
      3. Cultural Objects
      4. Licenses and Attributions for What Is Culture?
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    3. Elements of Culture
      1. Signs, Symbols, and Meaning
      2. Values and Value Orientations
      3. Norms
      4. Cultural Toolkits
      5. Subcultures
      6. Activity: Analyzing Subcultures
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Elements of Culture
        1. Open Content, Original
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    4. Culture and Inequality
      1. High Culture and Popular Culture
      2. Cultural Capital
      3. Activity: Cultural Capital
      4. Taste Patterns
      5. Boundary Drawing
      6. Othering
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Culture and Inequality
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    6. Chapter References
  7. Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Deviance and Social Control
      1. Crime versus Deviance
      2. The Social Construction of Deviance
      3. Sanctions and Social Control
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Deviance and Social Control
        1. Open Content, Original
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    3. Classical Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime
      1. Durkheim and Functionalism
      2. Social Disorganization Theory
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Classical Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime
        1. Open Content, Original
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    4. Modern Theories of Deviance
      1. Robert Merton’s Functionalist Strain Theory: Rethinking Durkheim
      2. William Julius Wilson and Conflict Theory: Rethinking the Role of Neighborhoods
      3. Michele Foucault: Discipline and Punishment Theory
      4. Lemert’s Symbolic Interactionist Labeling Theory
      5. Sykes and Matza’s Techniques of Neutralization
      6. Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory
      7. Feminist Theories of Deviance and Crime
      8. Activity: Applying Theories of Deviance to Public Events
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Modern Theories of Deviance
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Race, Identity, and the Criminal Justice System
      1. Policing and Race
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Race, Identity, and the Criminal Justice System
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Mass Incarceration and the New Jim Crow
      1. Activity: Detention and Incarceration of Immigrants
      2. Intersectionality of Criminal Justice Issues
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Mass Incarceration and the New Jim Crow
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Cross-Cultural Comparisons
      1. Policing and Prison in Nordic Countries
      2. Decriminalization of Drugs
      3. Roots of Restorative Justice
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Cross-Cultural Comparisons
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    8. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    9. Chapter References
  8. Chapter 8: Social Stratification and Class
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. What Is Stratification?
      1. Defining Stratification
      2. Stratification Systems
      3. Activity: Stratification, Race, Class, and the Criminal Justice System
      4. Licenses and Attributions for What Is Stratification?
        1. Open Content, Original
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    3. Explanations of Stratification and Class
      1. Class Matters: Marx and Neo-Marxists
      2. Class and Status: Weber and Neo-Weberians
      3. Just Rewards: Functionalism
      4. Gender and Class: Feminism
      5. Class and Colonialism: Postcolonial Theory
      6. A Plethora of Classes: Social Mobility and Status Attainment
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Explanations of Stratification and Class
        1. Open Content, Original
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    4. Social Classes in the United States
      1. Upper Class
      2. Middle Class
      3. Lower Class
      4. A Closer Look: Wealth and Inequality in the Western United States
      5. Poverty
      6. Activity: Myths of Poverty
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Social Classes in the United States
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    5. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    6. Chapter References
  9. Chapter 9: Gender: Identities, Interactions, and Institutions
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    2. Sex, Gender, and Identity
      1. Perception versus Expectation
      2. Activity: Gender Identity, Gender Binaries, and Colonialism
      3. Social Construction of Gender
        1. Masculinity
        2. Femininity
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Sex, Gender, and Identity
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Beyond the Binary
      1. Examining Sex Assignment and Gender Identity
      2. Awareness of Gender Identity
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Beyond the Binary
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    4. Examining Interactions
      1. Socialization
      2. Gender Policing
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Examining Interactions
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Gender and Intersectionality
      1. The Origin of Intersectionality
      2. Intersectionality and Inequality
      3. Activity: Intersectionality
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Gender and Intersectionality
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    6. Institutions and Inequalities
      1. Activity: Gender Stratification
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Institutions and Inequalities
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Families as a Social Institution
      1. Ideological and Institutional Barriers to Egalitarian Families
      2. Licenses and Attributions for Families as a Social Institution
        1. Open Content, Original
    8. Social Institutions and Stratification in Work/Public Spheres
      1. The Pay Gap
      2. The Glass Ceiling
      3. Feminization of Poverty
      4. Women in Politics
      5. A Closer Look: Roe v. Wade
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Social Institutions and Stratification in Work/Public Spheres
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    9. Movements for Change: Feminism
      1. First Wave: Suffrage Movement (1800s–1920s)
      2. Second Wave: The Problem That Had No Name (1960s–1980s)
      3. Third Wave: Centering Diverse Voices (1990s–2008)
      4. Fourth Wave: #MeToo #TimesUp (2008–present)
      5. Activity: Origins of the #MeToo Movement
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Movements for Change: Feminism
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    10. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Additional Resources
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    11. Chapter References
  10. Chapter 10: Sexuality
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    2. Sexuality
      1. Sexuality and Sexual Orientation
      2. Heteronormativity/Compulsory Heterosexuality
      3. Learning the “Rules” of Sexuality
      4. Sexual Scripts
      5. Activity: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Sexuality
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Sexual Attitudes and Practices
      1. Sexuality in the United States
      2. Activity: Changing the Coming Out Narrative to Inviting In
      3. Sexual Orientation and Inequality
      4. Heterosexual Privilege
      5. A Closer Look: Examining Discrimination Internationally
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Sexual Attitudes and Practices
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    4. Sexualities: Perspectives and Sociological Research
      1. Orgasm Gap
      2. Hookup Culture
      3. Online Dating and the Intersection of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Sexualities: Perspectives and Sociological Research
        1. Open Content, Original
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    5. Inequalities Experienced through Interactions
      1. Bullying and Violence
      2. Activity: Violence and Intersecting Systems of Oppression
      3. Sexual Violence
      4. Activity: Understanding the Normalization of Violence
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Inequalities Experienced through Interactions
        1. Open Content, Original
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    6. Policies and Social Institutions: Inequalities Experienced at the Structural Level
      1. Families: Marriage Equality
      2. Activity: Same Sex/Same Gender Marriage
      3. Education: Sex Education in the United States and Abroad
      4. Healthcare: Physical and Mental Health Stressors
      5. Workplace Practices and Policies
      6. Licenses and Attributions for Policies and Social Institutions: Inequalities Experienced at the Structural Level
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
    8. Chapter References
  11. Chapter 11: Race and Ethnicity
    1. Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
      1. Learning Objectives
      2. Overview
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    2. Racial, Ethnic, and Minority Groups
      1. What Is Race?
      2. What Is Ethnicity?
      3. What Are Minority Groups?
      4. Licenses and Attributions for Racial, Ethnic, and Minority Groups
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    3. Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity
      1. “Science” and Social Theory
      2. Emancipatory Theories
      3. Critical Race Theory
      4. A Closer Look: Race, Institutions, and Housing
      5. Racial Formation Theory
      6. Colorblindness/Theory of Racial Ignorance
      7. Intersection Theory
      8. Postcolonial Theory
      9. White Privilege
      10. Licenses and Attributions for Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity
        1. Open Content, Original
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    4. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism
      1. Prejudice
      2. Discrimination
      3. Racism
      4. A Closer Look: Myths of Racism
      5. Institutionalized Racism
      6. Activity: Understanding Antiracism
      7. Licenses and Attributions for Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism
        1. Open Content, Original
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        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    5. Race and Identities
      1. Racial Identity Development
        1. Non-White Racial Identities
        2. White Racial Identities: An Unspoken Norm of Whiteness
      2. Developing an Antiracist White Identity
      3. Licenses and Attributions for Race and Identities
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
    6. Race and Group-Level Interactions
      1. Pluralism
      2. Assimilation
      3. Amalgamation
      4. Genocide
      5. Expulsion
      6. Segregation
      7. Activity: Race and Interactions
      8. A Closer Look: Racial Tensions in the United States
      9. Licenses and Attributions for Race and Group Level Interactions
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. Open Content, Shared Previously
        3. All Rights Reserved Content
    7. Conclusion
      1. Review of Learning Objectives
      2. Key Terms
      3. Discussion Questions
      4. Additional Resources
      5. Licenses and Attributions for Conclusion
        1. Open Content, Original
        2. All Rights Reserved Content
    8. Chapter References

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